Syllogisms MCQs: Deductive reasoning involving categorical propositions

All humans are mortal. Some philosophers are humans. Conclusion: A) All philosophers are mortal. B) Some humans are philosophers. C) All mortals are philosophers. D) Some mortals are humans. Answer: A) All philosophers are mortal. No mammals can fly. All bats are mammals. Conclusion: A) Some bats can fly. B) No bats can fly. C) Some mammals can fly. D) All mammals are bats. Answer: B) No bats can fly. All apples are fruits. Some fruits are red. Conclusion: A) All red things are apples. B) Some apples are red. C) Some fruits are not apples. D) All red things are fruits. Answer: B) Some apples are red. All birds can fly. Some penguins cannot fly. Conclusion: A) No penguins are birds. B) Some birds cannot fly. C) Some birds are penguins. D) All penguins are birds. Answer: C) Some birds are penguins. No reptiles are mammals. Some cats are mammals. Conclusion: A) No cats are reptiles. B) Some cats are not reptiles. C) All cats are mammals. D) Some mammals are not cats. Answer: C) All cats are mammals. All roses are flowers. Some tulips are flowers. Conclusion: A) Some flowers are not roses. B) Some tulips are roses. C) No roses are tulips. D) All flowers are roses. Answer: B) Some tulips are roses. No trees are animals. All oak trees are trees. Conclusion: A) Some oak trees are not animals. B) All animals are oak trees. C) No oak trees are animals. D) Some animals are trees. Answer: A) Some oak trees are not animals. Some pens are not pencils. All pencils are stationery. Conclusion: A) Some stationery items are pens. B) All stationery items are pencils. C) Some pencils are pens. D) No pens are stationery. Answer: A) Some stationery items are pens. All politicians are humans. Some criminals are politicians. Conclusion: A) Some criminals are humans. B) All humans are criminals. C) Some humans are not politicians. D) All politicians are criminals. Answer: A) Some criminals are humans. No snakes are mammals. Some reptiles are snakes. Conclusion: A) No mammals are reptiles. B) Some mammals are not snakes. C) Some reptiles are not mammals. D) All mammals are snakes. Answer: B) Some mammals are not snakes. All students are learners. Some learners are diligent. Conclusion: A) Some students are not diligent. B) All diligent people are students. C) All students are diligent. D) Some diligent people are not learners. Answer: C) All students are diligent. No lions are herbivores. All carnivores are lions. Conclusion: A) No carnivores are herbivores. B) Some herbivores are not lions. C) Some lions are not carnivores. D) All herbivores are lions. Answer: C) Some lions are not carnivores. Some athletes are not sprinters. All sprinters are runners. Conclusion: A) Some athletes are runners. B) All runners are sprinters. C) Some sprinters are not athletes. D) No sprinters are athletes. Answer: A) Some athletes are runners. All dogs are animals. No cats are dogs. Conclusion: A) No cats are animals. B) Some cats are not animals. C) All animals are dogs. D) Some dogs are not cats. Answer: B) Some cats are not animals. Some computers are laptops. No laptops are smartphones. Conclusion: A) No computers are smartphones. B) Some smartphones are not laptops. C) Some laptops are not computers. D) All smartphones are laptops. Answer: C) Some laptops are not computers. No fish are mammals. All whales are mammals. Conclusion: A) No whales are fish. B) Some fish are not mammals. C) All mammals are whales. D) Some mammals are not fish. Answer: A) No whales are fish.All roses are flowers. Some flowers are yellow. Conclusion: A) Some yellow things are roses. B) No yellow things are flowers. C) Some roses are not yellow. D) All flowers are roses. Answer: C) Some roses are not yellow. No planets are stars. All stars are celestial bodies. Conclusion: A) No planets are celestial bodies. B) Some celestial bodies are not planets. C) All celestial bodies are stars. D) Some stars are not planets. Answer: B) Some celestial bodies are not planets. All athletes are fit. Some fit people are swimmers. Conclusion: A) All swimmers are athletes. B) Some athletes are not swimmers. C) No swimmers are fit. D) Some swimmers are athletes. Answer: D) Some swimmers are athletes. No actors are singers. Some singers are performers. Conclusion: A) No performers are actors. B) Some performers are not singers. C) Some singers are actors. D) All actors are performers. Answer: B) Some performers are not singers. All birds are animals. No animals are fish. Conclusion: A) No fish are birds. B) Some birds are not fish. C) Some animals are not birds. D) All fish are animals. Answer: A) No fish are birds. Some lawyers are not judges. No judges are police officers. Conclusion: A) Some police officers are not judges. B) No police officers are lawyers. C) Some judges are not lawyers. D) All lawyers are judges. Answer: A) Some police officers are not judges. No flowers are trees. All trees are plants. Conclusion: A) No plants are flowers. B) Some plants are not trees. C) Some flowers are not trees. D) All flowers are plants. Answer: A) No plants are flowers. Some books are not novels. All novels are stories. Conclusion: A) No stories are books. B) Some stories are not novels. C) Some books are not stories. D) All novels are books. Answer: C) Some books are not stories. All athletes are disciplined. Some disciplined people are successful. Conclusion: A) Some successful people are athletes. B) No successful people are disciplined. C) Some athletes are not successful. D) All disciplined people are athletes. Answer: A) Some successful people are athletes. No insects are mammals. All birds are animals. Conclusion: A) Some mammals are not birds. B) No animals are insects. C) Some birds are not mammals. D) All mammals are birds. Answer: C) Some birds are not mammals. All fruits are healthy. No chocolates are fruits. Conclusion: A) Some healthy things are not fruits. B) No chocolates are healthy. C) Some fruits are not chocolates. D) All chocolates are fruits. Answer: B) No chocolates are healthy. Some computers are laptops. All laptops are electronic devices. Conclusion: A) Some electronic devices are computers. B) No electronic devices are laptops. C) Some laptops are not computers. D) All computers are laptops. Answer: C) Some laptops are not computers. No humans are robots. All robots are machines. Conclusion: A) Some machines are not robots. B) No machines are humans. C) Some robots are not humans. D) All robots are humans. Answer: A) Some machines are not robots. Some fruits are not apples. All apples are fruits. Conclusion: A) Some fruits are apples. B) No apples are fruits. C) Some fruits are not apples. D) All fruits are apples. Answer: C) Some fruits are not apples. All flowers are plants. Some plants are not trees. Conclusion: A) Some trees are flowers. B) No trees are flowers. C) Some flowers are not trees. D) All trees are plants. Answer: C) Some flowers are not trees. Some cars are not bicycles. All bicycles are vehicles. Conclusion: A) Some vehicles are not cars. B) No vehicles are bicycles. C) Some bicycles are not cars. D) All cars are bicycles. Answer: A) Some vehicles are not cars. No cats are birds. Some birds are not mammals. Conclusion: A) No mammals are cats. B) Some cats are mammals. C) Some birds are mammals. D) All mammals are birds. Answer: C) Some birds are mammals. All planets are celestial bodies. No celestial bodies are stars. Conclusion: A) Some stars are not planets. B) No stars are celestial bodies. C) Some celestial bodies are planets. D) All planets are stars. Answer: A) Some stars are not planets. No boats are cars. All cars are vehicles. Conclusion: A) Some vehicles are not boats. B) No vehicles are cars. C) Some cars are not boats. D) All boats are vehicles. Answer: A) Some vehicles are not boats. Some students are not teachers. All teachers are educators. Conclusion: A) Some educators are not students. B) No educators are teachers. C) Some teachers are not students. D) All students are educators. Answer: C) Some teachers are not students. No pencils are erasers. All erasers are stationery. Conclusion: A) Some stationery items are not pencils. B) No stationery items are erasers. C) Some pencils are not stationery items. D) All pencils are erasers. Answer: A) Some stationery items are not pencils. All snakes are reptiles. Some reptiles are not crocodiles. Conclusion: A) Some crocodiles are snakes. B) No crocodiles are snakes. C) Some reptiles are crocodiles. D) All crocodiles are reptiles. Answer: C) Some reptiles are crocodiles. Some planets are not stars. No stars are comets. Conclusion: A) Some comets are not planets. B) No planets are comets. C) Some stars are not planets. D) All planets are comets. Answer: A) Some comets are not planets. All mammals are warm-blooded. No reptiles are warm-blooded. Conclusion: A) Some reptiles are mammals. B) No mammals are reptiles. C) Some warm-blooded animals are not mammals. D) All warm-blooded animals are mammals. Answer: B) No mammals are reptiles. Some trees are not plants. All plants are living organisms. Conclusion: A) Some living organisms are not trees. B) No living organisms are trees. C) Some plants are not trees. D) All trees are plants. Answer: A) Some living organisms are not trees. No vegetables are fruits. All fruits are edible. Conclusion: A) Some edible things are not vegetables. B) No edible things are vegetables. C) Some fruits are not vegetables. D) All vegetables are fruits. Answer: A) Some edible things are not vegetables. All lawyers are professionals. No professionals are athletes. Conclusion: A) Some athletes are not lawyers. B) No athletes are professionals. C) Some professionals are not lawyers. D) All professionals are athletes. Answer: B) No athletes are professionals. Some diamonds are not precious stones. All precious stones are valuable. Conclusion: A) Some valuable things are not diamonds. B) No valuable things are diamonds. C) Some precious stones are not diamonds. D) All diamonds are precious stones. Answer: C) Some precious stones are not diamonds. All triangles are polygons. Some polygons are quadrilaterals. Conclusion: A) Some quadrilaterals are triangles. B) No quadrilaterals are triangles. C) Some polygons are not triangles. D) All triangles are quadrilaterals. Answer: A) Some quadrilaterals are triangles. No artists are musicians. All musicians are creative. Conclusion: A) Some creative people are not artists. B) No creative people are artists. C) Some musicians are not artists. D) All artists are musicians. Answer: C) Some musicians are not artists. Some fruits are not apples. All apples are fruits. Conclusion: A) Some fruits are apples. B) No apples are fruits. C) Some fruits are not apples. D) All fruits are apples. Answer: C) Some fruits are not apples. All humans are mortal. Some immortals are fictional characters. Conclusion: A) Some fictional characters are mortal. B) No fictional characters are mortal. C) Some immortals are not humans. D) All humans are fictional characters. Answer: C) Some immortals are not humans.