Software Engineering MCQs

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1. What defines a Real-Time System (RTS)?
(A) Systems that are always online
(B) Systems that operate within a specific time constraint
(C) Systems that have high storage capacity
(D) Systems that use virtualization technologies

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of Hard Real-Time Systems?
(A) Missing deadlines is acceptable
(B) Response time is not critical
(C) They are used primarily for batch processing
(D) Deadline misses lead to catastrophic consequences

3. In Soft Real-Time Systems, what happens if a deadline is missed?
(A) Performance degrades but the system continues to function
(B) System crashes
(C) System reboots automatically
(D) The task is rescheduled automatically

4. Which scheduling algorithm is commonly used in Hard Real-Time Systems due to its ability to meet deadlines?
(A) Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
(B) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
(C) Round Robin
(D) Shortest Job Next (SJN)

5. What is the purpose of a Watchdog Timer in Real-Time Systems?
(A) To monitor the system’s performance metrics
(B) To schedule tasks based on their deadlines
(C) To reset the system if a task fails to complete on time
(D) To ensure that tasks are executed within specified time limits

6. Which of the following is not a primary characteristic of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)?
(A) Virtual memory management
(B) Preemption of tasks
(C) Deterministic behavior
(D) Support for priority-based scheduling

7. Which scheduling policy ensures that high-priority tasks are always executed before lower-priority tasks?
(A) Round-robin scheduling
(B) Fixed priority scheduling
(C) First-come, first-served (FCFS) scheduling
(D) Shortest job next (SJN) scheduling

8. What is the maximum allowable jitter in Real-Time Systems?
(A) The time taken for context switching
(B) The interval between two consecutive task executions
(C) The delay between an event occurrence and the system’s response
(D) The difference between the highest and lowest task priority levels

9. Which of the following is a commonly used communication mechanism in Real-Time Systems for inter-task communication?
(A) Message Queues
(B) Binary Semaphores
(C) All of the above
(D) Shared memory

10. What is the purpose of Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS) in Real-Time Systems?
(A) To ensure that tasks are executed in round-robin fashion
(B) To minimize the number of context switches
(C) To allocate CPU resources based on task arrival rates
(D) To synchronize clocks across distributed systems

11. Which of the following is an example of an application that typically requires a Real-Time System?
(A) Word processing software
(B) Web browsers
(C) Media players
(D) Airline reservation systems

12. What is the purpose of a Critical Section in Real-Time Systems?
(A) To execute tasks with the highest priority
(B) To execute tasks with the lowest priority
(C) To manage memory allocation
(D) To protect shared resources from concurrent access

13. Which of the following is not a category of Real-Time Systems?
(A) Virtual Real-Time Systems
(B) Soft Real-Time Systems
(C) Firm Real-Time Systems
(D) Hard Real-Time Systems

14. Which type of Real-Time System guarantees that a response will occur before a certain deadline, but the response time is not critical?
(A) Hard Real-Time System
(B) Soft Real-Time System
(C) Firm Real-Time System
(D) Flexible Real-Time System

15. What is the primary goal of admission control in Real-Time Systems?
(A) To admit new tasks into the system
(B) To manage memory allocation
(C) To optimize the CPU utilization
(D) To reject tasks that cannot meet their deadlines

16. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using priority inheritance protocol in Real-Time Systems?
(A) It can lead to deadlock situations
(B) It increases context switching overhead
(C) It does not support task preemption
(D) It requires excessive memory resources

17. Which Real-Time System scheduling algorithm is based on the principle of “earliest deadline first”?
(A) Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
(B) Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS)
(C) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
(D) Shortest Job Next (SJN)

18. Which of the following is not a common application area for Real-Time Systems?
(A) Desktop publishing
(B) Financial trading systems
(C) Robotics
(D) Process control systems

19. What is the purpose of a Real-Time Database Management System (RTDBMS)?
(A) To store data permanently
(B) To manage data with predictable response times
(C) To process large volumes of data
(D) To optimize query performance

20. Which of the following is a characteristic of Soft Real-Time Systems?
(A) They have hard deadlines that cannot be missed
(B) They are used primarily for scientific simulations
(C) They prioritize task completion over meeting deadlines
(D) They require specialized hardware for operation

21. What is the role of a Time-Triggered Architecture (TTA) in Real-Time Systems?
(A) To trigger events based on real-time clock signals
(B) To schedule tasks based on event-driven triggers
(C) To synchronize actions based on fixed time intervals
(D) To manage task execution based on resource availability

22. Which of the following is not a consideration when designing Real-Time Systems?
(A) Task scheduling and priority assignment
(B) Power consumption optimization
(C) User interface design
(D) Memory management strategies

23. What is the purpose of a Real-Time Kernel in Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)?
(A) To manage hardware resources such as memory and CPU
(B) To enforce task scheduling policies and priorities
(C) To provide a real-time clock for time-sensitive tasks
(D) To handle user interactions and input/output operations

24. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Real-Time Systems?
(A) Adaptability
(B) Predictability
(C) Reliability
(D) Efficiency

25. Which of the following is a typical approach to ensuring fault tolerance in Real-Time Systems?
(A) Reducing task priorities dynamically
(B) Using redundant hardware or software components
(C) Increasing task execution times
(D) Ignoring error handling mechanisms

26. Which protocol is commonly used for real-time communication between distributed Real-Time Systems?
(A) UDP
(B) TCP/IP
(C) HTTP
(D) SMTP

27. What is the role of a Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP) in Real-Time Systems?
(A) To manage communication between nodes with deterministic latency
(B) To trigger events based on real-time signals
(C) To synchronize clocks across distributed systems
(D) To schedule tasks based on event-driven triggers

28. Which of the following is not a method of achieving determinism in Real-Time Systems?
(A) Priority-based scheduling
(B) Predictive analytics
(C) Time-Triggered Architecture
(D) Rate Monotonic Scheduling

29. In Real-Time Systems, what does the term “interrupt latency” refer to?
(A) The delay in task execution caused by interrupt handling
(B) The time taken to process an interrupt request
(C) The interval between two consecutive task executions
(D) The time taken for context switching between tasks

30. Which of the following is an example of a Real-Time System application where high reliability and predictable timing are critical?
(A) Airbag deployment systems in automobiles
(B) Video streaming services
(C) Email servers
(D) Social media platforms

31. Which Real-Time System scheduling algorithm assigns priorities based on the task’s worst-case execution time?
(A) Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
(B) Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS)
(C) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
(D) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

32. What is the primary challenge in designing Real-Time Systems compared to general-purpose computing systems?
(A) Predictability and meeting strict timing constraints
(B) Adaptability to changing requirements
(C) Scalability
(D) User interface design

33. Which of the following techniques is used to handle task synchronization and communication in Real-Time Systems?
(A) Virtualization
(B) Dynamic linking
(C) Message passing
(D) Memory segmentation

34. What is the significance of deterministic behavior in Real-Time Systems?
(A) It guarantees that tasks always meet their deadlines
(B) It ensures that tasks are executed in a random order
(C) It allows tasks to execute at variable speeds
(D) It minimizes resource utilization

35. Which scheduling policy in Real-Time Systems assigns fixed time slots to tasks regardless of their execution status?
(A) Time-sharing scheduling
(B) Fixed priority scheduling
(C) Rate monotonic scheduling
(D) Round-robin scheduling

36. Which of the following is a key consideration in choosing hardware for Real-Time Systems?
(A) Clock speed of the processor
(B) Size of the display monitor
(C) Number of USB ports
(D) Amount of disk space

37. Which protocol is commonly used for communication in Real-Time Systems that require reliable, ordered delivery of messages?
(A) UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
(B) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
(C) HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
(D) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

38. In Real-Time Systems, what does the term “latency” refer to?
(A) The time taken for task execution
(B) The time taken for communication between nodes
(C) The time interval between two task activations
(D) The delay between an event occurrence and the system’s response

39. Which of the following scheduling algorithms assigns priorities based on the task’s period, with shorter periods receiving higher priority?
(A) Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
(B) Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS)
(C) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
(D) Shortest Job Next (SJN)

40. What is the role of a watchdog timer in Real-Time Systems?
(A) To monitor and manage network traffic
(B) To synchronize clocks across distributed systems
(C) To optimize task scheduling algorithms
(D) To reset the system if a task exceeds its allotted time

41. Which of the following is not a type of Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)?
(A) VxWorks
(B) Linux
(C) QNX
(D) FreeRTOS

42. Which Real-Time System scheduling algorithm is more suitable for tasks with variable execution times and deadlines?
(A) Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
(B) Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS)
(C) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
(D) Shortest Job Next (SJN)

43. What is the primary purpose of system modeling and simulation in Real-Time Systems?
(A) To test hardware components
(B) To manage system backups
(C) To debug software applications
(D) To predict system performance and validate design choices

44. Which technique is used in Real-Time Systems to reduce the response time of critical tasks?
(A) Task preemption
(B) Task duplication
(C) Task deferral
(D) Task migration

45. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using fixed priority scheduling in Real-Time Systems?
(A) It is difficult to implement
(B) It cannot handle sporadic tasks
(C) It requires excessive memory resources
(D) It may lead to priority inversion

46. What is the role of a Real-Time Clock (RTC) in Real-Time Systems?
(A) To synchronize tasks with external events
(B) To optimize power consumption
(C) To manage system interrupts
(D) To maintain the current time and date

47. Which of the following is a typical application area for Real-Time Systems that requires high reliability and safety?
(A) Word processing software
(B) Games
(C) Social media platforms
(D) Nuclear power plant control systems

48. Which of the following is a key advantage of using Real-Time Systems in industrial automation?
(A) They are cost-effective
(B) They improve system response times and reliability
(C) They require minimal maintenance
(D) They support dynamic task scheduling

49. What is the primary goal of fault tolerance mechanisms in Real-Time Systems?
(A) To prevent system crashes
(B) To minimize system latency
(C) To maximize system throughput
(D) To recover quickly from failures and continue operation

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