Proteins MCQs

 

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1. What is the basic building block of proteins?
a) Nucleotides
b) Amino acids
c) Fatty acids
d) Monosaccharides
Answer: b) Amino acids

2. Which type of bond is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?
a) Peptide bonds
b) Hydrogen bonds
c) Ionic bonds
d) Disulfide bonds
Answer: b) Hydrogen bonds

3. What is the primary structure of a protein?
a) The sequence of amino acids
b) The folding into alpha helices and beta sheets
c) The three-dimensional shape of the protein
d) The interaction of multiple protein subunits
Answer: a) The sequence of amino acids

4. Which of the following is an example of a globular protein?
a) Collagen
b) Keratin
c) Hemoglobin
d) Elastin
Answer: c) Hemoglobin

5. Which protein is a major component of connective tissues in the body?
a) Myoglobin
b) Actin
c) Collagen
d) Hemoglobin
Answer: c) Collagen

6. What type of protein structure is characterized by an alpha helix or beta-pleated sheet?
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Quaternary
Answer: b) Secondary

7. Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of proteins in the stomach?
a) Amylase
b) Lipase
c) Pepsin
d) Lactase
Answer: c) Pepsin

8. Which type of bond is involved in the tertiary structure of proteins?
a) Peptide bonds
b) Hydrogen bonds
c) Ionic bonds
d) Disulfide bonds
Answer: d) Disulfide bonds

9. What is the role of chaperone proteins?
a) To degrade misfolded proteins
b) To assist in the proper folding of proteins
c) To transport proteins to their cellular locations
d) To catalyze biochemical reactions
Answer: b) To assist in the proper folding of proteins

10. Which amino acid contains a sulfur atom and forms disulfide bonds?
a) Glycine
b) Alanine
c) Cysteine
d) Serine
Answer: c) Cysteine

11. What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?
a) To increase the activation energy of reactions
b) To act as structural components
c) To catalyze biochemical reactions
d) To provide energy storage
Answer: c) To catalyze biochemical reactions

12. Which protein is found in muscle cells and is responsible for muscle contraction?
a) Collagen
b) Myoglobin
c) Actin
d) Hemoglobin
Answer: c) Actin

13. Which of the following proteins is involved in oxygen transport in muscles?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Myoglobin
c) Collagen
d) Elastin
Answer: b) Myoglobin

14. Which term describes the loss of a protein’s three-dimensional structure due to external factors?
a) Denaturation
b) Hydrolysis
c) Degradation
d) Coagulation
Answer: a) Denaturation

15. Which protein is known for its role in the immune response?
a) Insulin
b) Albumin
c) Antibody
d) Keratin
Answer: c) Antibody

16. Which structural level of proteins involves multiple polypeptide chains interacting with each other?
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Quaternary
Answer: d) Quaternary

17. What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein chain?
a) Hydrogen bonds
b) Disulfide bonds
c) Peptide bonds
d) Ionic bonds
Answer: c) Peptide bonds

18. Which type of protein functions as a transport molecule in the blood?
a) Enzyme
b) Structural protein
c) Transport protein
d) Regulatory protein
Answer: c) Transport protein

19. Which of the following proteins is a major component of hair and nails?
a) Collagen
b) Myosin
c) Keratin
d) Elastin
Answer: c) Keratin

20. Which protein is involved in the clotting process of blood?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Albumin
c) Fibrinogen
d) Insulin
Answer: c) Fibrinogen

21. What is the function of structural proteins in cells?
a) To act as catalysts for biochemical reactions
b) To provide support and shape to cells and tissues
c) To transport molecules across cell membranes
d) To regulate gene expression
Answer: b) To provide support and shape to cells and tissues

22. Which amino acid is essential and must be obtained through the diet?
a) Glycine
b) Alanine
c) Valine
d) Serine
Answer: c) Valine

23. Which protein is responsible for storing and releasing iron in the body?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Ferritin
c) Albumin
d) Myoglobin
Answer: b) Ferritin

24. Which class of proteins is involved in cell signaling and communication?
a) Enzymes
b) Transport proteins
c) Receptor proteins
d) Structural proteins
Answer: c) Receptor proteins

25. Which protein is involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels?
a) Insulin
b) Hemoglobin
c) Collagen
d) Elastin
Answer: a) Insulin

26. Which amino acid is known for its role in neurotransmitter synthesis?
a) Phenylalanine
b) Cysteine
c) Tryptophan
d) Arginine
Answer: c) Tryptophan

27. What is the role of antibodies in the immune system?
a) To destroy pathogens directly
b) To enhance the activity of enzymes
c) To recognize and neutralize foreign invaders
d) To transport nutrients across cell membranes
Answer: c) To recognize and neutralize foreign invaders

28. Which protein plays a key role in muscle contraction along with actin?
a) Myoglobin
b) Troponin
c) Myosin
d) Collagen
Answer: c) Myosin

29. Which protein is primarily involved in the storage of oxygen in muscle tissues?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Myoglobin
c) Ferritin
d) Albumin
Answer: b) Myoglobin

30. What is the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways?
a) To provide structural support
b) To act as energy carriers
c) To catalyze biochemical reactions
d) To transport molecules across membranes
Answer: c) To catalyze biochemical reactions

31. Which protein is known for its role in maintaining osmotic balance in the blood?
a) Insulin
b) Collagen
c) Albumin
d) Ferritin
Answer: c) Albumin

32. Which protein structure level is determined by the unique sequence of amino acids?
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Quaternary
Answer: a) Primary

33. What term describes proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer of cell membranes and facilitate transport?
a) Structural proteins
b) Receptor proteins
c) Transport proteins
d) Enzymes
Answer: c) Transport proteins

34. Which protein is crucial for the formation of the extracellular matrix in tissues?
a) Elastin
b) Hemoglobin
c) Collagen
d) Myoglobin
Answer: c) Collagen

35. Which of the following proteins is involved in the process of muscle contraction by interacting with actin filaments?
a) Troponin
b) Myoglobin
c) Myosin
d) Collagen
Answer: c) Myosin

36. Which enzyme is involved in the digestion of proteins in the small intestine?
a) Pepsin
b) Trypsin
c) Amylase
d) Lipase
Answer: b) Trypsin

37. Which term refers to the complex folding of a single polypeptide chain into a three-dimensional structure?
a) Primary structure
b) Secondary structure
c) Tertiary structure
d) Quaternary structure
Answer: c) Tertiary structure

38. Which of the following proteins is involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Collagen
c) Actin
d) Myosin
Answer: a) Hemoglobin

39. Which type of protein structure involves multiple polypeptide chains interacting?
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Quaternary
Answer: d) Quaternary

40. Which of the following is a function of structural proteins?
a) Catalyzing biochemical reactions
b) Transporting molecules
c) Providing support and structure to cells
d) Regulating gene expression
Answer: c) Providing support and structure to cells

41. Which protein type is responsible for the immune response by recognizing foreign molecules?
a) Enzymes
b) Transport proteins
c) Antibodies
d) Structural proteins
Answer: c) Antibodies

42. Which of the following amino acids is classified as essential?
a) Glutamine
b) Glycine
c) Valine
d) Serine
Answer: c) Valine

43. Which protein is involved in the formation of blood clots?
a) Fibrinogen
b) Hemoglobin
c) Insulin
d) Ferritin
Answer: a) Fibrinogen

44. Which type of protein is primarily responsible for regulating metabolic processes in the body?
a) Transport proteins
b) Structural proteins
c) Enzymes
d) Receptor proteins
Answer: c) Enzymes

45. What is the role of protein chaperones in cells?
a) To degrade misfolded proteins
b) To assist in proper folding of proteins
c) To transport proteins to their cellular locations
d) To catalyze biochemical reactions
Answer: b) To assist in proper folding of proteins

46. Which protein is commonly used as a marker for muscle damage in medical tests?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Collagen
c) Myoglobin
d) Ferritin
Answer: c) Myoglobin

47. Which amino acid is a precursor for the synthesis of serotonin and melatonin?
a) Tryptophan
b) Phenylalanine
c) Glutamine
d) Tyrosine
Answer: a) Tryptophan

48. Which protein provides elasticity to tissues such as skin and blood vessels?
a) Elastin
b) Collagen
c) Keratin
d) Fibrinogen
Answer: a) Elastin

49. Which term refers to the loss of protein structure due to high temperatures or changes in pH?
a) Denaturation
b) Hydrolysis
c) Aggregation
d) Condensation
Answer: a) Denaturation

50. Which type of protein is involved in the repair of damaged tissues and maintenance of cellular structures?
a) Enzymes
b) Structural proteins
c) Transport proteins
d) Regulatory proteins
Answer: b) Structural proteins

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