Power Systems MCQs

1. In power systems, the term ‘bus’ refers to: A. A type of generating station B. A voltage level in the network C. A transmission line D. A type of transformer Answer: B 2. The power factor of an AC circuit is defined as the: A. Ratio of active power to reactive power B. Ratio of total power to apparent power C. Ratio of real power to reactive power D. Ratio of apparent power to real power Answer: C 3. Which component is used to increase the voltage level of AC power for transmission? A. Capacitor B. Transformer C. Inductor D. Diode Answer: B 4. The purpose of a circuit breaker in a power system is to: A. Regulate voltage levels B. Protect against overcurrent and short circuits C. Convert AC to DC D. Measure power consumption Answer: B 5. A synchronous generator is also known as: A. DC generator B. Induction generator C. Alternator D. Inverter Answer: C 6. Which parameter characterizes the ability of a transmission line to transfer electrical power? A. Impedance B. Reactance C. Transmission capacity D. Resistance Answer: C 7. The phenomenon of ‘skin effect’ in power transmission lines primarily affects the flow of: A. Active power B. Reactive power C. DC power D. AC power Answer: D 8. A transmission line typically consists of conductors separated by: A. Vacuum B. Insulators C. Resistors D. Capacitors Answer: B 9. What is the standard frequency of electrical power transmission in most countries? A. 50 Hz B. 60 Hz C. 25 Hz D. 100 Hz Answer: A 10. Which type of power plant uses the nuclear fission process to generate electricity? A. Coal-fired B. Hydroelectric C. Nuclear D. Solar Answer: C 11. The main disadvantage of underground transmission lines compared to overhead lines is: A. Higher cost B. Higher losses C. Lower reliability D. Greater environmental impact Answer: A 12. The purpose of a step-up transformer at a generating station is to: A. Increase voltage for transmission B. Decrease voltage for distribution C. Increase current for transmission D. Decrease current for distribution Answer: A 13. In a three-phase power system, the phase angle difference between any two phases is: A. 60 degrees B. 90 degrees C. 120 degrees D. 180 degrees Answer: C 14. The unit of electrical power is: A. Volt B. Ampere C. Watt D. Ohm Answer: C 15. The term ‘load shedding’ in power systems refers to: A. Decreasing load demand B. Shifting loads between different substations C. Disconnecting some loads to prevent a blackout D. Increasing generation capacity temporarily Answer: C 16. What does the term ‘reactive power’ refer to in an AC circuit? A. Power dissipated as heat B. Power stored and released by inductors C. Power stored and released by capacitors D. Power delivered to the load Answer: C 17. The function of a surge arrester in a power system is to protect against: A. Overvoltage B. Overcurrent C. Undervoltage D. Power factor correction Answer: A 18. The term ‘black start’ capability of a power plant refers to its ability to: A. Start generating electricity without external power supply B. Start generating electricity with full capacity C. Restart after a blackout D. Restart after routine maintenance Answer: A 19. Which type of power plant relies on the temperature difference between hot and cold water to generate electricity? A. Geothermal B. Wind C. Biomass D. Tidal Answer: A 20. The standard formula for calculating electrical power is: A. P = VI B. P = V^2 / R C. P = I^2 R D. All of the above Answer: D 21. The voltage regulation of a transformer is defined as the ratio of: A. Secondary voltage to primary voltage B. No-load voltage to full-load voltage C. Secondary current to primary current D. No-load current to full-load current Answer: B 22. A transmission line with a higher capacitance will have: A. Lower impedance B. Higher impedance C. Lower inductance D. Higher inductance Answer: A 23. The principle of operation of a solar photovoltaic (PV) cell is based on the: A. Photoelectric effect B. Piezoelectric effect C. Thermoelectric effect D. Electromagnetic induction Answer: A 24. Which type of power plant has the lowest greenhouse gas emissions per unit of electricity generated? A. Coal-fired B. Natural gas-fired C. Hydroelectric D. Solar Answer: D 25. The term ‘load factor’ in power systems refers to the: A. Ratio of peak load to average load B. Ratio of average load to peak load C. Ratio of maximum load to minimum load D. Ratio of minimum load to maximum load Answer: B 26. The main advantage of AC (Alternating Current) over DC (Direct Current) for long-distance transmission is: A. Lower voltage drop B. Higher efficiency C. Easier to generate D. Lower cost of equipment Answer: A 27. A transmission line is considered ‘long’ if its length is more than: A. 10 km B. 50 km C. 100 km D. 500 km Answer: C 28. The ‘per-unit’ system in power systems is used to: A. Standardize power ratings B. Measure electrical quantities in terms of base values C. Calculate power losses D. Estimate transmission line lengths Answer: B 29. Which renewable energy source is weather-dependent and intermittent in nature? A. Solar B. Hydroelectric C. Biomass D. Geothermal Answer: A 30. The term ‘relay’ in a power system refers to a device used for: A. Voltage regulation B. Power factor correction C. Protecting equipment from faults D. Phase shifting Answer: C 31. The term ‘islanding’ in power systems refers to: A. Connecting multiple generators in parallel B. A situation where a portion of the grid remains energized during a blackout C. Maximizing power generation during peak hours D. Stopping power generation abruptly Answer: B 32. The power flow in a transmission line is affected by: A. Voltage level B. Line length C. Impedance D. All of the above Answer: D 33. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy? A. Coal B. Natural gas C. Wind D. Oil Answer: C 34. What is the standard voltage level for transmission in high-voltage power lines? A. 110V B. 230V C. 400kV D. 750kV Answer: C 35. The ‘power triangle’ in AC circuits relates: A. Real power, reactive power, and apparent power B. Voltage, current, and power factor C. Resistance, inductance, and capacitance D. Active power, power factor, and line losses Answer: A 36. A ‘brownout’ refers to: A. An intentional drop in voltage by the utility company B. Complete loss of power in an area C. Overvoltage condition in the grid D. Sudden surge of power Answer: A 37. The phenomenon of ‘voltage sag’ in a power system is typically caused by: A. Overvoltage B. Undervoltage C. Short circuit D. Voltage imbalance Answer: C 38. Which renewable energy source utilizes the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity? A. Solar B. Tidal C. Wind D. Biomass Answer: C 39. A ‘feeder’ in a power distribution system refers to: A. A transmission line B. A device for voltage regulation C. A set of circuits delivering power to a specific area D. A type of generator Answer: C 40. The purpose of a capacitor bank in a power system is to: A. Store electrical energy B. Balance the phase currents C. Improve power factor D. Increase line voltage Answer: C 41. The efficiency of a power plant is defined as: A. Ratio of power output to power input B. Ratio of power output to maximum power C. Ratio of power input to power output D. Ratio of power input to maximum power Answer: A 42. Which renewable energy source converts organic waste into electricity or heat? A. Solar B. Wind C. Biomass D. Geothermal Answer: C 43. The ‘right-hand rule’ is used to determine the direction of: A. Current flow in a conductor B. Magnetic field around a conductor C. Voltage drop across a resistor D. Power factor in an AC circuit Answer: B 44. The term ‘generation reserve’ in power systems refers to: A. Excess power generation capacity B. Backup generators C. Power stations D. Power distribution network Answer: A 45. Which type of fault in a power system occurs when there is a direct connection between two phases or between a phase and ground? A. Open-circuit fault B. Short-circuit fault C. Earth fault D. Overcurrent fault Answer: B 46. The term ‘reactive compensation’ in power systems refers to: A. Adding capacitors or reactors to improve power factor B. Regulating voltage levels C. Minimizing transmission losses D. Controlling generator output Answer: A 47. The main advantage of a gas turbine power plant is: A. High efficiency at low loads B. Low initial cost C. Minimal environmental impact D. Long lifespan Answer: B 48. A ‘microgrid’ is: A. A small-scale power plant B. A type of generator C. A localized group of electricity sources and loads D. A transmission line with low capacity Answer: C 49. Which component of a power system typically requires the highest maintenance? A. Transformer B. Circuit breaker C. Generator D. Transmission line Answer: A 50. The ‘electric grid’ refers to: A. A network of power plants B. A system of high-voltage transmission lines C. The entire interconnected power system D. The distribution network in a city Answer: C

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