Nutrition and Dietetics MCQs Food science

1. Which nutrient is essential for the synthesis of hormones and cellular membranes?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Vitamins
Answer: C) Lipids

2. Which vitamin is primarily responsible for calcium absorption in the body?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: D) Vitamin D

3. What is the recommended daily intake of dietary fiber for an average adult?

A) 10-15 grams
B) 20-25 grams
C) 30-35 grams
D) 40-45 grams
Answer: C) 30-35 grams

4. Which mineral is crucial for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function?

A) Iron
B) Calcium
C) Sodium
D) Magnesium
Answer: C) Sodium

5. Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Water
Answer: C) Lipids

6. Which of the following is a good source of complete protein?

A) Beans
B) Nuts
C) Quinoa
D) Rice
Answer: C) Quinoa

7. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

A) Repair and maintenance of tissues
B) Energy production
C) Hormone synthesis
D) Enzyme function
Answer: B) Energy production

8. Which type of fat is considered beneficial for heart health?

A) Trans fats
B) Saturated fats
C) Monounsaturated fats
D) Polyunsaturated fats
Answer: C) Monounsaturated fats

9. What is the main role of dietary fiber in digestion?

A) Increase nutrient absorption
B) Aid in digestion and prevent constipation
C) Provide energy
D) Enhance flavor
Answer: B) Aid in digestion and prevent constipation

10. Which vitamin is known for its role in immune function and collagen synthesis?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B6
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: C) Vitamin C

11. Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?

A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Potassium
D) Zinc
Answer: B) Iron

12. What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

A) Provide energy
B) Build and repair tissues
C) Regulate metabolism
D) Absorb nutrients
Answer: B) Build and repair tissues

13. Which of the following is a high-fiber food?

A) White bread
B) Potato chips
C) Whole grains
D) Soda
Answer: C) Whole grains

14. What is the recommended daily intake of water for an average adult?

A) 1-2 liters
B) 2-3 liters
C) 3-4 liters
D) 4-5 liters
Answer: B) 2-3 liters

15. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: D) Vitamin K

16. Which nutrient is known to improve skin health and vision?

A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin B12
Answer: C) Vitamin A

17. What is the primary function of antioxidants in the diet?

A) Provide energy
B) Protect cells from damage
C) Aid in digestion
D) Enhance flavor
Answer: B) Protect cells from damage

18. Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A) Chicken
B) Beef
C) Salmon
D) Eggs
Answer: C) Salmon

19. Which carbohydrate is known for its slow release of energy and is beneficial for sustained energy levels?

A) Simple sugars
B) Complex carbohydrates
C) Saturated fats
D) Trans fats
Answer: B) Complex carbohydrates

20. What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

A) Provide energy
B) Aid in digestion
C) Build cell membranes and produce hormones
D) Improve taste
Answer: C) Build cell membranes and produce hormones

21. Which of the following is a common source of vitamin B12?

A) Leafy greens
B) Citrus fruits
C) Dairy products
D) Whole grains
Answer: C) Dairy products

22. What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein intake for an average adult?

A) 0.5 grams per kg of body weight
B) 0.8 grams per kg of body weight
C) 1.0 grams per kg of body weight
D) 1.5 grams per kg of body weight
Answer: B) 0.8 grams per kg of body weight

23. Which nutrient is critical for the formation of red blood cells?

A) Vitamin C
B) Iron
C) Calcium
D) Zinc
Answer: B) Iron

24. Which type of diet is most likely to be deficient in vitamin B12?

A) Vegetarian diet
B) Mediterranean diet
C) Ketogenic diet
D) High-protein diet
Answer: A) Vegetarian diet

25. Which of the following is a primary source of saturated fats?

A) Olive oil
B) Avocados
C) Butter
D) Nuts
Answer: C) Butter

26. What is the role of magnesium in the diet?

A) Bone health
B) Muscle function
C) Nerve function
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

27. Which food is a good source of potassium?

A) Apples
B) Bananas
C) Carrots
D) Rice
Answer: B) Bananas

28. Which nutrient is crucial for the synthesis of collagen in the body?

A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B) Vitamin C

29. What is the primary function of the mineral zinc in the diet?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Bone health
C) Fluid balance
D) Energy production
Answer: A) Protein synthesis

30. Which dietary component helps regulate blood sugar levels?

A) Fiber
B) Saturated fat
C) Simple sugars
D) Cholesterol
Answer: A) Fiber

31. Which of the following is NOT a function of dietary fats?

A) Energy storage
B) Insulation
C) Hormone production
D) Fiber provision
Answer: D) Fiber provision

32. Which vitamin is synthesized by the body when exposed to sunlight?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
Answer: C) Vitamin D

33. What is the recommended daily intake of calcium for adults aged 19-50?

A) 500 mg
B) 800 mg
C) 1000 mg
D) 1200 mg
Answer: C) 1000 mg

34. Which food group is a primary source of vitamin A?

A) Fruits
B) Vegetables
C) Dairy products
D) Grains
Answer: B) Vegetables

35. What is the primary role of folic acid in the diet?

A) DNA synthesis
B) Bone health
C) Immune function
D) Muscle repair
Answer: A) DNA synthesis

36. Which of the following is a low-glycemic index food?

A) White bread
B) Brown rice
C) Candy
D) Potato chips
Answer: B) Brown rice

37. Which macronutrient should be the primary source of energy for endurance athletes?

A) Fats
B) Proteins
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
Answer: C) Carbohydrates

38. What is the main dietary source of vitamin B6?

A) Meat
B) Dairy
C) Fruits
D) Grains
Answer: A) Meat

39. Which nutrient helps to transport fat-soluble vitamins in the body?

A) Water
B) Proteins
C) Carbohydrates
D) Fats
Answer: D) Fats

40. What is the primary purpose of a balanced diet?

A) To improve taste
B) To ensure adequate intake of all essential nutrients
C) To increase calorie intake
D) To reduce water consumption
Answer: B) To ensure adequate intake of all essential nutrients

41. Which type of dietary fat should be consumed in moderation to maintain heart health?

A) Polyunsaturated fats
B) Monounsaturated fats
C) Saturated fats
D) Unsaturated fats
Answer: C) Saturated fats

42. What is the primary benefit of consuming probiotics?

A) Improved digestion and gut health
B) Increased energy levels
C) Enhanced muscle growth
D) Improved vision
Answer: A) Improved digestion and gut health

43. Which of the following vitamins is essential for energy metabolism?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B complex
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B) Vitamin B complex

44. Which nutrient is important for maintaining healthy skin and hair?

A) Vitamin E
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin D
Answer: A) Vitamin E

45. Which of the following is a key component of a heart-healthy diet?

A) High saturated fat
B) Low fiber
C) High in fruits and vegetables
D) High in refined sugars
Answer: C) High in fruits and vegetables

46. Which mineral supports thyroid function and metabolism?

A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Iodine
D) Zinc
Answer: C) Iodine

47. What is the recommended amount of physical activity for maintaining overall health?

A) 30 minutes a week
B) 30 minutes a day, most days of the week
C) 1 hour a day, every day
D) 2 hours a week
Answer: B) 30 minutes a day, most days of the week

48. Which food is a good source of selenium?

A) Fish
B) Apples
C) Spinach
D) Whole wheat bread
Answer: A) Fish

49. What is the primary concern associated with excessive sodium intake?

A) Increased risk of heart disease
B) Improved digestion
C) Enhanced energy levels
D) Better skin health
Answer: A) Increased risk of heart disease

50. Which nutrient is critical for bone health and often combined with calcium in supplements?

A) Magnesium
B) Iron
C) Potassium
D) Vitamin D
Answer: D) Vitamin D

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