1. Which of the following is a primary application of nanobiotechnology in the field of medicine?
a) Development of synthetic fertilizers
b) Delivery of drugs to specific cells or tissues
c) Enhancement of plant growth
d) Production of biofuels
Answer: b) Delivery of drugs to specific cells or tissues
Explanation: Nanobiotechnology is widely used in the medical field for targeted drug delivery. Nanoparticles can be engineered to carry drugs directly to specific cells or tissues, improving the efficacy and reducing side effects.
2. Which of the following materials is most commonly used in the fabrication of nanoparticles for drug delivery systems?
a) Polymers
b) Silicon
c) Graphene
d) Iron oxide
Answer: a) Polymers
Explanation: Polymers, especially biodegradable polymers, are commonly used for drug delivery because they can be tailored to release drugs at controlled rates, and they are biocompatible.
3. In the context of nanobiotechnology, what does “surface functionalization” refer to?
a) The addition of functional groups to the surface of nanoparticles to improve their stability
b) The process of attaching drugs to the surface of nanoparticles
c) The method of altering the shape of nanoparticles to increase their efficiency
d) The creation of nanoparticles from functional biomolecules
Answer: a) The addition of functional groups to the surface of nanoparticles to improve their stability
Explanation: Surface functionalization involves modifying the surface properties of nanoparticles by attaching functional groups to enhance stability, biocompatibility, and targeting capabilities for applications like drug delivery.
4. Which of the following techniques is commonly used for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology?
a) Electroporation
b) Sol-gel method
c) Green synthesis method
d) DNA microarray technology
Answer: c) Green synthesis method
Explanation: The green synthesis method uses biological materials, such as plant extracts or microorganisms, to synthesize metallic nanoparticles in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner.
5. In nanobiotechnology, what is the significance of “quantum dots”?
a) They are used for protein purification
b) They act as efficient drug delivery vehicles
c) They are utilized for imaging and diagnostics due to their fluorescent properties
d) They are used to stabilize nanoparticles in suspension
Answer: c) They are utilized for imaging and diagnostics due to their fluorescent properties
Explanation: Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals that exhibit unique fluorescent properties, making them useful in medical imaging and diagnostics, such as for tracking cells or tissues in vivo.
6. Which of the following is a major concern regarding the use of nanomaterials in biomedicine?
a) They are too expensive for large-scale production
b) They are prone to rapid degradation
c) Their potential toxicity to human cells and the environment
d) They cannot be synthesized in small sizes
Answer: c) Their potential toxicity to human cells and the environment
Explanation: One of the key concerns in nanobiotechnology is the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to human cells and the environment. Nanoparticles can have different properties compared to bulk materials, leading to unforeseen biological interactions.
7. Which of the following techniques can be used to characterize the size and distribution of nanoparticles?
a) PCR
b) Dynamic light scattering (DLS)
c) Southern blotting
d) Gas chromatography
Answer: b) Dynamic light scattering (DLS)
Explanation: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a widely used technique to measure the size and size distribution of nanoparticles in solution. It analyzes the Brownian motion of particles to calculate their size.
8. Which of the following applications of nanobiotechnology involves the use of nanoparticles for detecting pathogens or toxins?
a) Gene editing
b) Nano biosensors
c) Nano drug delivery systems
d) Nano fertilizers
Answer: b) Nano biosensors
Explanation: Nano biosensors use nanoparticles for the detection of specific pathogens, toxins, or biomolecules. They are highly sensitive and can provide rapid results, making them useful for medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.
9. Which of the following types of nanoparticles is commonly used for gene delivery in nanobiotechnology?
a) Liposomes
b) Polymeric nanoparticles
c) Carbon nanotubes
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes are all commonly used for gene delivery. Each type has its advantages, such as biocompatibility, ease of modification, and ability to encapsulate genetic material.
10. What is the role of “dendrimers” in nanobiotechnology?
a) They are used for high-efficiency drug delivery and gene therapy
b) They help stabilize proteins in solution
c) They are used as catalysts in industrial processes
d) They act as a source of energy in nanodevices
Answer: a) They are used for high-efficiency drug delivery and gene therapy
Explanation: Dendrimers are highly branched, synthetic polymers with a large number of functional groups that can be used for drug delivery and gene therapy due to their high loading capacity and ability to target specific cells or tissues.
11. Which of the following is a key advantage of using nanomaterials for biosensing applications?
a) Low cost and ease of mass production
b) High sensitivity and the ability to detect very low concentrations of analytes
c) Ability to function without any external power source
d) None of the above
Answer: b) High sensitivity and the ability to detect very low concentrations of analytes
Explanation: Nanomaterials are particularly advantageous for biosensing because their small size and large surface area enable high sensitivity, allowing for the detection of very low concentrations of target molecules or pathogens.
12. Which of the following nanomaterials has shown promise in cancer therapy due to its ability to deliver drugs directly to tumor cells?
a) Gold nanoparticles
b) Iron oxide nanoparticles
c) Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
d) Silicon dioxide nanoparticles
Answer: a) Gold nanoparticles
Explanation: Gold nanoparticles have shown promise in cancer therapy due to their ability to be functionalized with targeting ligands for specific tumor cells. They can also carry therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic drugs, directly to the cancer site.
13. In nanobiotechnology, what is the principle behind using “nanorobots” for medical applications?
a) They help monitor cell growth and differentiation in real-time
b) They are used to deliver genes or drugs to specific locations within the body
c) They are involved in enhancing photosynthesis in plants
d) They are used for environmental clean-up of pollutants
Answer: b) They are used to deliver genes or drugs to specific locations within the body
Explanation: Nanorobots are microscopic machines designed to navigate through the body and deliver genes, drugs, or other therapeutic agents to specific locations, enabling precise treatment with minimal side effects.
14. Which of the following is an example of a biocompatible nanomaterial commonly used in tissue engineering applications?
a) Gold nanoparticles
b) Carbon nanotubes
c) Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
d) Titanium oxide nanoparticles
Answer: c) Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Explanation: Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are biocompatible and are often used in tissue engineering, especially for bone regeneration, as they mimic the mineral composition of bone and promote cellular adhesion and growth.
15. What is the role of “nanotoxicology” in the field of nanobiotechnology?
a) It studies the production processes of nanoparticles
b) It focuses on the environmental impact of nanomaterials
c) It investigates the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to living organisms
d) It designs nanoparticles for medical applications
Answer: c) It investigates the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to living organisms
Explanation: Nanotoxicology is the study of the toxicological effects of nanoparticles on living organisms and the environment. As nanomaterials become more widely used, understanding their potential toxicity is crucial for ensuring their safe application.