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Molecular Biology — MCQs

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1. Which molecule carries genetic information in most organisms?





2. Who discovered the structure of DNA?





3. What type of bond holds the two DNA strands together?





4. Which enzyme unwinds the DNA helix during replication?





5. Which enzyme synthesizes RNA from a DNA template?





6. The genetic code is:





7. In eukaryotes, where does transcription occur?





8. What is the role of tRNA?





9. Okazaki fragments are formed during:





10. The start codon for protein synthesis is:





11. Which sugar is found in DNA?





12. Which sugar is found in RNA?





13. What is the complementary base of adenine in DNA?





14. What is the complementary base of adenine in RNA?





15. DNA replication is:





16. Which enzyme seals the gaps in the lagging strand?





17. Messenger RNA carries information from:





18. Which RNA forms the structure of ribosomes?





19. Which process converts mRNA into protein?





20. Which mutation changes a single base pair?





21. Which enzyme synthesizes primers in DNA replication?





22. Which organelle is known as the site of protein synthesis?





23. Telomerase enzyme is important in:





24. Which experiment proved DNA is the genetic material?





25. DNA fragments cut by restriction enzymes are joined by:





26. Which RNA interferes with gene expression?





27. Which type of mutation causes early termination of protein synthesis?





28. Splicing removes:





29. Which enzyme proofreads DNA during replication?





30. Which base is not present in DNA?





31. Which enzyme helps relieve supercoiling in DNA?





32. Which molecules are called “molecular scissors”?





33. What is the full form of PCR?





34. Which scientist discovered transposons?





35. Which bond connects amino acids in a protein?





36. Which organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?





37. The central dogma of molecular biology was proposed by:





38. Which amino acid is coded by the start codon AUG?





39. What is the function of nucleosomes?





40. The TATA box is associated with:





41. Which RNA has an anticodon region?





42. In eukaryotes, mRNA is stabilized by:





43. Which enzyme is used in PCR to withstand high temperatures?





44. Which codons are stop codons?





45. Which molecule carries genetic code to ribosomes?





46. A plasmid is best described as:





47. The anticodon is located on:





48. The first amino acid in eukaryotic protein synthesis is:





49. Which enzyme adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?





50. Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments by size?





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