| River Name | Length (km) | Major Features | Drainage Basin | Notable Locations |
| Kagera River | 400 | Longest river in Burundi; forms part of the border with Rwanda | Lake Victoria Basin | Bujumbura, Kayanza |
| Ruvubu River | 300 | Important for biodiversity; protected as a national park | Nile Basin | Ruvubu National Park |
| Nyabarongo River | 270 | Major tributary of the Kagera; important for hydroelectric power | Nile Basin | Gitega, Bujumbura |
| Mpanga River | 120 | Flows through western Burundi; known for fishing | Lake Tanganyika Basin | Mpanga, Gitega |
| Akanyaru River | 80 | Forms part of the border with Rwanda; important for local agriculture | Nile Basin | N/A |
| Ruzizi River | 100 | Flows into Lake Tanganyika; important for hydroelectric projects | Lake Tanganyika Basin | Bujumbura |