| River Name | Length (km) | Major Features | Drainage Basin | Notable Locations |
| Amazon | 4,345 | Largest river by discharge, immense biodiversity | Amazon Basin | Manaus, Belém |
| Paraná | 4,880 | Forms part of the border with Paraguay; contains Itaipu Dam | Paraná Basin | Foz do Iguaçu, Curitiba |
| São Francisco | 3,160 | Historical significance; vital for irrigation | São Francisco Basin | Juazeiro, Petrolina |
| Tocantins | 2,640 | Important for hydroelectric power | Tocantins-Araguaia Basin | Palmas, Porto Nacional |
| Negro | 2,250 | Dark water river, rich in fish species | Amazon Basin | Manaus, São Gabriel |
| Madeira | 3,380 | Major tributary of the Amazon; hydroelectric potential | Amazon Basin | Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim |
| Xingu | 1,200 | Home to diverse ecosystems | Amazon Basin | Altamira, Xingu National Park |
| Paraguay | 2,621 | Forms part of the border with Paraguay | Paraguay Basin | Corumbá, Porto Murtinho |
| Araguaia | 2,627 | Known for its archipelagos | Araguaia-Tocantins Basin | Aruanã, Praia do Araguaia |
| Tapajós | 1,200 | Major tributary known for biodiversity | Amazon Basin | Santarém, Itaituba |