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Interstellar Medium — MCQs

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1. What is the interstellar medium (ISM)?





2. What is the primary composition of the ISM?





3. Approximately what percentage of a galaxy’s visible mass does the ISM represent?





4. Which phase of the ISM is the coldest and densest?





5. What role does the ISM play in galaxies?





6. The ISM is enriched with heavier elements by:





7. Dust in the ISM primarily absorbs and scatters:





8. Which wavelength is most effective for studying the ISM?





9. The 21-cm line is a key diagnostic of the ISM because it arises from:





10. What effect does interstellar dust have on starlight?





11. Which ISM component is responsible for star formation?





12. What is the typical temperature of the hot ionized medium in the ISM?





13. Cosmic rays in the ISM are composed mostly of:





14. Which process clears away ISM gas around newborn stars?





15. Which molecules are most commonly detected in molecular clouds?





16. Interstellar dust grains are primarily composed of:





17. What effect do shock waves from supernovae have on the ISM?





18. Which observational method reveals cold molecular gas in the ISM?





19. Which term describes the small-scale, clumpy structure of the ISM?





20. What is the “bubble” created by stellar winds and supernovae in the ISM called?





21. Which ISM component is found in H II regions?





22. How does metallicity in the ISM increase over time?





23. The average density of the ISM in the Milky Way is approximately:





24. Which ISM component can be studied through X-ray astronomy?





25. The “extinction curve” in astronomy describes:





26. Turbulence in the ISM is caused mainly by:





27. Which ISM component is necessary for planet formation?





28. What fraction of the ISM mass is typically in dust?





29. Which ISM phase is maintained by ultraviolet starlight ionization?





30. The transition between neutral and ionized regions of hydrogen is called:





31. What is the primary coolant in molecular clouds?





32. How do astronomers detect interstellar dust directly?





33. What is the main heating source of the diffuse ISM?





34. The ISM is part of which larger galactic cycle?





35. Which ISM structure is shaped by magnetic fields?





36. Which ISM observation method relies on starlight polarization?





37. The ISM pressure is balanced between:





38. Which region of the ISM glows due to recombination radiation?





39. Which ISM structure blocks background starlight, appearing as dark patches?





40. The ISM metallicity affects:





41. Which particles in the ISM align with magnetic fields and polarize light?





42. The lifetime of giant molecular clouds is typically:





43. Which process can strip ISM gas from galaxies in clusters?





44. What is the ISM density in molecular clouds compared to average ISM?





45. Which molecule is a tracer of dense star-forming regions?





46. Which ISM component scatters blue light more than red, causing reddening?





47. Which large-scale structure of ISM gas surrounds the Milky Way?





48. The ISM is replenished mainly by:





49. The ISM is removed from galaxies mainly through:





50. Why is studying the ISM important?





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