1. What is the primary purpose of a physics laboratory? a) To perform theoretical calculations b) To conduct experiments and verify physical principles c) To read textbooks d) To write research papers Answer: b) To conduct experiments and verify physical principles 2. Which device is used to measure electric current? a) Voltmeter b) Ammeter c) Galvanometer d) Ohmmeter Answer: b) Ammeter 3. What is the function of a spectrometer? a) To measure temperature b) To measure the spectrum of light c) To measure electrical resistance d) To measure pressure Answer: b) To measure the spectrum of light 4. Which instrument is used to measure mass? a) Stopwatch b) Barometer c) Balance scale d) Hygrometer Answer: c) Balance scale 5. What is the unit of electric resistance? a) Volt b) Ampere c) Ohm d) Coulomb Answer: c) Ohm 6. What does a voltmeter measure? a) Electric current b) Electric resistance c) Electric voltage d) Electric charge Answer: c) Electric voltage 7. What type of lens is used in a microscope to magnify objects? a) Convex lens b) Concave lens c) Cylindrical lens d) Plano-concave lens Answer: a) Convex lens 8. Which principle is used to measure the specific heat capacity of a substance? a) Newton’s law of cooling b) Principle of calorimetry c) Law of conservation of mass d) Hooke’s law Answer: b) Principle of calorimetry 9. What does a barometer measure? a) Atmospheric pressure b) Temperature c) Humidity d) Wind speed Answer: a) Atmospheric pressure 10. Which instrument is used to measure time intervals accurately? a) Calorimeter b) Stopwatch c) Hygrometer d) Thermometer Answer: b) Stopwatch 11. What is the use of an oscilloscope in a laboratory? a) To measure temperature b) To display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals c) To measure mass d) To measure pressure Answer: b) To display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals 12. What does the term “calibration” refer to in a physics lab? a) Measuring the weight of an object b) Adjusting and verifying the accuracy of an instrument c) Calculating the speed of light d) Measuring the density of a liquid Answer: b) Adjusting and verifying the accuracy of an instrument 13. What is the principle behind a Michelson interferometer? a) Refraction of light b) Interference of light c) Diffraction of light d) Polarization of light Answer: b) Interference of light 14. What does a potentiometer measure? a) Electric current b) Voltage by comparison c) Electric charge d) Electric power Answer: b) Voltage by comparison 15. What is a Vernier caliper used for? a) Measuring electrical resistance b) Measuring small lengths with high accuracy c) Measuring atmospheric pressure d) Measuring light intensity Answer: b) Measuring small lengths with high accuracy 16. Which of the following is a safety precaution in a physics lab? a) Eating and drinking in the lab b) Wearing protective eyewear c) Using equipment without instruction d) Leaving equipment unattended Answer: b) Wearing protective eyewear 17. What is the purpose of using a control in an experiment? a) To accelerate the reaction b) To serve as a standard for comparison c) To change the outcome of the experiment d) To measure the dependent variable Answer: b) To serve as a standard for comparison 18. Which instrument measures magnetic field strength? a) Thermometer b) Barometer c) Gaussmeter d) Ohmmeter Answer: c) Gaussmeter 19. What does a hygrometer measure? a) Temperature b) Atmospheric pressure c) Humidity d) Wind speed Answer: c) Humidity 20. Which method is used to measure the refractive index of a material? a) Young’s double-slit experiment b) Michelson interferometer c) Snell’s law d) Ohm’s law Answer: c) Snell’s law 21. Which device is used to measure frequency? a) Voltmeter b) Ammeter c) Frequency counter d) Galvanometer Answer: c) Frequency counter 22. What is the function of a galvanometer? a) To measure electric voltage b) To detect and measure small electric currents c) To measure temperature d) To measure magnetic fields Answer: b) To detect and measure small electric currents 23. What is Hooke’s law used to describe? a) The relationship between pressure and volume of a gas b) The relationship between force and extension in springs c) The relationship between current and voltage d) The relationship between speed and distance Answer: b) The relationship between force and extension in springs 24. What is the function of a calorimeter? a) To measure electric resistance b) To measure heat capacity c) To measure mass d) To measure sound intensity Answer: b) To measure heat capacity 25. Which device is used to measure the acceleration due to gravity? a) Spring balance b) Simple pendulum c) Barometer d) Spectrometer Answer: b) Simple pendulum 26. What is an example of a scalar quantity? a) Velocity b) Force c) Acceleration d) Temperature Answer: d) Temperature 27. What is an example of a vector quantity? a) Speed b) Mass c) Displacement d) Energy Answer: c) Displacement 28. What does a micrometer screw gauge measure? a) Large distances b) Small lengths with high precision c) Electric current d) Light intensity Answer: b) Small lengths with high precision 29. What is the purpose of a diffraction grating? a) To measure electric resistance b) To separate light into its component wavelengths c) To measure atmospheric pressure d) To measure time intervals Answer: b) To separate light into its component wavelengths 30. What does the term “least count” refer to in measurement? a) The highest value an instrument can measure b) The smallest value that can be measured accurately c) The average value of measurements d) The total range of an instrument Answer: b) The smallest value that can be measured accurately 31. What is the role of a capacitor in a circuit? a) To measure electric current b) To store electrical energy c) To convert AC to DC d) To increase resistance Answer: b) To store electrical energy 32. Which type of error is reduced by repeating measurements? a) Systematic error b) Random error c) Calibration error d) Parallax error Answer: b) Random error 33. What is the unit of capacitance? a) Ohm b) Volt c) Farad d) Ampere Answer: c) Farad 34. Which law describes the force between two charged objects? a) Hooke’s law b) Coulomb’s law c) Ohm’s law d) Snell’s law Answer: b) Coulomb’s law 35. What is the principle of superposition? a) The total displacement of a system is the sum of the individual displacements b) The total force is the difference between individual forces c) The total energy is the product of individual energies d) The total charge is zero Answer: a) The total displacement of a system is the sum of the individual displacements 36. Which device converts mechanical energy into electrical energy? a) Motor b) Generator c) Transformer d) Resistor Answer: b) Generator 37. What is the function of a transformer in a circuit? a) To increase or decrease voltage b) To store electrical energy c) To measure electric current d) To convert AC to DC Answer: a) To increase or decrease voltage 38. What does Snell’s law describe? a) The relationship between angle of incidence and refraction b) The relationship between force and extension c) The relationship between current and resistance d) The relationship between pressure and volume Answer: a) The relationship between angle of incidence and refraction 39. Which instrument is used to measure luminous intensity? a) Barometer b) Photometer c) Voltmeter d) Ammeter Answer: b) Photometer 40. What does an anemometer measure? a) Wind speed b) Humidity c) Temperature d) Pressure Answer: a) Wind speed 41. Which principle is used to measure the density of a liquid? a) Archimedes’ principle b) Pascal’s principle c) Bernoulli’s principle d) Newton’s principle Answer: a) Archimedes’ principle 42. What is the unit of magnetic flux? a) Tesla b) Weber c) Henry d) Ampere Answer: b) Weber 43. Which device is used to measure the intensity of sound? a) Barometer b) Sound level meter c) Hygrometer d) Thermometer Answer: b) Sound level meter 44. What does a refractometer measure? a) Temperature b) Humidity c) Refractive index d) Pressure Answer: c) Refractive index 45. What is the principle of conservation of energy? a) Energy can be created and destroyed b) Energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed c) Energy is always conserved in a closed system d) Energy is proportional to mass Answer: b) Energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed 46. What is the purpose of using a standard in an experiment? a) To change the outcome b) To provide a reference point for comparison c) To introduce errors d) To calculate theoretical values Answer: b) To provide a reference point for comparison 47. What is the unit of frequency? a) Hertz b) Joule c) Watt d) Pascal Answer: a) Hertz 48. What device is used to measure the pH of a solution? a) pH meter b) Thermometer c) Calorimeter d) Hygrometer Answer: a) pH meter 49. What does the term “quantum” refer to in physics? a) The smallest unit of energy b) The largest unit of matter c) The speed of light d) The distance between atoms Answer: a) The smallest unit of energy 50. Which principle explains why airplanes are able to fly? a) Bernoulli’s principle b) Archimedes’ principle c) Pascal’s principle d) Newton’s principle Answer: a) Bernoulli’s principle 51. What is the unit of work done in physics? a) Joule b) Watt c) Newton d) Pascal Answer: a) Joule 52. What does the term “moment of inertia” describe? a) The resistance of an object to changes in its motion b) The energy stored in a system c) The force applied to an object d) The temperature of an object Answer: a) The resistance of an object to changes in its motion 53. Which instrument is used to measure the angle of deviation in a prism? a) Spectrometer b) Micrometer c) Calorimeter d) Galvanometer Answer: a) Spectrometer 54. What is the purpose of a circuit breaker? a) To measure voltage b) To protect an electrical circuit from overload c) To increase resistance d) To store electrical energy Answer: b) To protect an electrical circuit from overload 55. What does a radiometer measure? a) Light intensity b) Electric current c) Magnetic field strength d) Temperature Answer: a) Light intensity 56. Which device is used to measure the speed of a rotating object? a) Tachometer b) Barometer c) Spectrometer d) Hygrometer Answer: a) Tachometer 57. What is the unit of magnetic field strength? a) Tesla b) Weber c) Henry d) Farad Answer: a) Tesla 58. What principle does a hydrostatic pressure gauge use? a) Pascal’s principle b) Bernoulli’s principle c) Archimedes’ principle d) Coulomb’s law Answer: a) Pascal’s principle 59. What does a laser rangefinder measure? a) Distance b) Temperature c) Pressure d) Humidity Answer: a) Distance 60. Which device is used to measure the density of a solid? a) Hydrometer b) Vernier caliper c) Balance scale d) Density bottle Answer: d) Density bottle 61. What is the purpose of a filter in a laboratory experiment? a) To separate substances based on their properties b) To measure chemical reactions c) To heat solutions d) To cool down samples Answer: a) To separate substances based on their properties 62. What does a digital multimeter measure? a) Voltage, current, and resistance b) Temperature and pressure c) Light intensity and sound level d) Magnetic field and humidity Answer: a) Voltage, current, and resistance 63. What does the term “thermal conductivity” refer to? a) The ability of a material to conduct heat b) The ability of a material to conduct electricity c) The ability of a material to absorb light d) The ability of a material to resist mechanical stress Answer: a) The ability of a material to conduct heat 64. Which instrument is used to measure the pressure of gases? a) Barometer b) Manometer c) Hygrometer d) Thermometer Answer: b) Manometer 65. What is the principle of operation of a galvanometer? a) Electromagnetic induction b) Electrostatic force c) Magnetic deflection d) Thermal expansion Answer: c) Magnetic deflection 66. What does a light meter measure? a) Luminous intensity b) Temperature c) Humidity d) Sound level Answer: a) Luminous intensity 67. What device is used to measure the intensity of radiation? a) Photometer b) Geiger counter c) Oscilloscope d) Spectrometer Answer: b) Geiger counter 68. What is the unit of power in the International System of Units (SI)? a) Joule b) Watt c) Newton d) Pascal Answer: b) Watt 69. What principle is used in a hydrometer to measure the density of liquids? a) Archimedes’ principle b) Bernoulli’s principle c) Pascal’s principle d) Coulomb’s law Answer: a) Archimedes’ principle 70. What device measures the refractive index of a liquid? a) Spectrometer b) Refractometer c) Calorimeter d) Thermometer Answer: b) Refractometer 71. What does the term “specific heat capacity” describe? a) The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree Celsius b) The total heat content of a substance c) The ability of a substance to conduct electricity d) The heat lost during a chemical reaction Answer: a) The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree Celsius 72. Which instrument measures the angle of incidence and reflection? a) Spectrometer b) Refractometer c) Goniometer d) Thermometer Answer: c) Goniometer 73. What is the purpose of using a refractive index in optics? a) To determine how much light bends when passing through a medium b) To measure the speed of light c) To measure the frequency of light waves d) To calculate the energy of photons Answer: a) To determine how much light bends when passing through a medium 74. What does a tachometer measure? a) Speed of rotation b) Temperature c) Pressure d) Distance Answer: a) Speed of rotation 75. What principle is used in a temperature sensor? a) Thermoelectric effect b) Photoelectric effect c) Electromagnetic induction d) Magnetic deflection Answer: a) Thermoelectric effect 76. What does the term “electromotive force” (EMF) refer to? a) The potential difference provided by a source of electrical energy b) The resistance of an electrical circuit c) The rate of flow of electric charge d) The power dissipated in an electrical component Answer: a) The potential difference provided by a source of electrical energy 77. What device is used to measure the angle of deviation in a prism? a) Spectrometer b) Refractometer c) Goniometer d) Micrometer Answer: a) Spectrometer 78. What is the unit of electrical power? a) Watt b) Volt c) Ohm d) Ampere Answer: a) Watt 79. What does a piezoelectric crystal measure? a) Pressure b) Magnetic field c) Temperature d) Voltage Answer: a) Pressure 80. What is the primary function of a capacitor in a circuit? a) To store electrical energy b) To measure current c) To increase voltage d) To provide resistance Answer: a) To store electrical energy

General Physics Laboratory MCQs

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