Feedback Control Systems MCQs

1. What is the primary purpose of feedback in a control system?
A) To increase system complexity
B) To maintain system stability and performance
C) To introduce system variability
D) To minimize system efficiency
Answer: B) To maintain system stability and performance

2. Which of the following statements best describes a closed-loop control system?
A) It does not use feedback
B) It adjusts the system output based on disturbances
C) It compares the output to a reference signal
D) It uses feedback to adjust the input based on the output
Answer: D) It uses feedback to adjust the input based on the output

3. What is the transfer function of a system that has no feedback?
A) G(s) = K
B) G(s) = 1
C) G(s) = 1/s
D) G(s) = s
Answer: A) G(s) = K

4. In a feedback control system, what is the role of the controller?
A) To compare the output to the reference signal
B) To convert the control signal into physical action
C) To adjust the input based on the output and reference signal
D) To measure the system output
Answer: C) To adjust the input based on the output and reference signal

5. What is the Laplace transform of a unit step function in a feedback control system?
A) 1/s
B) 1
C) s
D) e^(-s)
Answer: A) 1/s

6. Which of the following is a characteristic of a closed-loop control system?
A) It has no feedback loop
B) It is less stable than an open-loop system
C) It adjusts to changes in the system and disturbances
D) It has a fixed input-output relationship
Answer: C) It adjusts to changes in the system and disturbances

7. What does the gain of a feedback system represent?
A) The difference between the desired output and actual output
B) The rate of change of the system output
C) The amplification factor of the input signal
D) The sensitivity of the system to disturbances
Answer: C) The amplification factor of the input signal

8. What is the purpose of introducing feedback in a control system?
A) To reduce system complexity
B) To increase system efficiency
C) To improve system stability and accuracy
D) To eliminate disturbances
Answer: C) To improve system stability and accuracy

9. What type of control system is a cruise control system in a car?
A) Open-loop control system
B) Closed-loop control system
C) Proportional controller
D) Integral controller
Answer: B) Closed-loop control system

10. What is the main advantage of closed-loop control systems over open-loop systems?
A) Greater simplicity
B) Better accuracy and stability
C) Lower cost
D) Faster response time
Answer: B) Better accuracy and stability

11. Which of the following is an example of a feedback element in a control system?
A) Actuator
B) Sensor
C) Comparator
D) Amplifier
Answer: C) Comparator

12. In a feedback control system, what does the error signal represent?
A) The difference between the system input and output
B) The difference between the system output and reference signal
C) The rate of change of the system output
D) The disturbance in the system
Answer: B) The difference between the system output and reference signal

13. What is the Laplace transform of a unit ramp function in a feedback control system?
A) 1/s^2
B) 1/s^3
C) 1/s^4
D) 1/s^5
Answer: B) 1/s^3

14. Which of the following statements is true about feedback control systems?
A) They are always stable
B) They are less sensitive to disturbances
C) They can exhibit oscillations
D) They have fixed input-output relationships
Answer: C) They can exhibit oscillations

15. What does the term “feedback loop” refer to in a control system?
A) The process of comparing the output to the reference signal
B) The path through which the feedback signal travels
C) The adjustment of the input based on the output
D) The amplification of the control signal
Answer: B) The path through which the feedback signal travels

16. Which type of controller is based on the principle of correcting the error over time?
A) Proportional controller
B) Integral controller
C) Derivative controller
D) Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller
Answer: B) Integral controller

17. What is the primary function of an actuator in a feedback control system?
A) To compare the system output to the reference signal
B) To convert the control signal into physical action
C) To measure and provide feedback on the system’s output
D) To amplify the system’s response
Answer: B) To convert the control signal into physical action

18. Which of the following is an advantage of feedback control systems?
A) Lower cost
B) Higher speed of response
C) Improved accuracy and stability
D) Reduced complexity
Answer: C) Improved accuracy and stability

19. What is the purpose of a comparator in a feedback control system?
A) To compare the system output to the reference signal
B) To convert the control signal into physical action
C) To measure and provide feedback on the system’s output
D) To amplify the system’s response
Answer: A) To compare the system output to the reference signal

20. What is the effect of increasing the gain in a feedback control system?
A) Decreases stability
B) Increases stability
C) Decreases accuracy
D) Increases accuracy
Answer: A) Decreases stability

21. Which type of control system is more robust to disturbances?
A) Open-loop control system
B) Closed-loop control system
C) Proportional controller
D) Integral controller
Answer: B) Closed-loop control system

22. What does the term “steady-state error” refer to in a feedback control system?
A) The error that remains after the transient response has settled
B) The error caused by disturbances in the system
C) The error that occurs during system startup
D) The error due to control system noise
Answer: A) The error that remains after the transient response has settled

23. Which type of controller adds a corrective action based on the rate of change of error?
A) Proportional controller
B) Integral controller
C) Derivative controller
D) Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller
Answer: C) Derivative controller

24. What is the purpose of a filter in a feedback control system?
A) To compare the system output to the reference signal
B) To reduce noise and disturbances in the system
C) To convert the control signal into physical action
D) To amplify the system’s response
Answer: B) To reduce noise and disturbances in the system

25. Which of the following statements is true about feedback control systems?
A) They are always stable
B) They are less sensitive to disturbances
C) They can exhibit oscillations
D) They have fixed input-output relationships
Answer: C) They can exhibit oscillations

26. What is the main advantage of closed-loop control systems over open-loop systems?
A) Greater simplicity
B) Better accuracy and stability
C) Lower cost
D) Faster response time
Answer: B) Better accuracy and stability

27. Which type of controller is commonly used for systems with large steady-state errors?
A) Proportional controller
B) Integral controller
C) Derivative controller
D) Proportional-Integral (PI) controller
Answer: B) Integral controller

28. What is the Laplace transform of a unit ramp function in a feedback control system?
A) 1/s^2
B) 1/s^3
C) 1/s^4
D) 1/s^5
Answer: B) 1/s^3

29. What does the term “phase margin” refer to in a feedback control system?
A) The difference between desired and actual output
B) The difference between the system output and reference signal
C) The robustness of the system to parameter variations
D) The difference in phase between input and output signals
Answer: C) The robustness of the system to parameter variations

30. In a feedback control system, what is the role of the plant?
A) To measure the system output
B) To compare the output to the reference signal
C) To convert the control signal into physical action
D) To represent the dynamics of the system being controlled
Answer: D) To represent the dynamics of the system being controlled

31. What is the primary function of a feedback loop in a control system?
A) To amplify the system’s response
B) To eliminate disturbances
C) To adjust the system input based on the output
D) To measure the system output
Answer: C) To adjust the system input based on the output

32. Which of the following control system components compares the system output to the reference signal?
A) Actuator
B) Sensor
C) Comparator
D) Amplifier
Answer: C) Comparator

33. What is the effect of increasing the gain in a feedback control system?
A) Decreases stability
B) Increases stability
C) Decreases accuracy
D) Increases accuracy
Answer: A) Decreases stability

34. What type of control system is used to maintain a specific temperature in a room?
A) Open-loop control system
B) Closed-loop control system
C) Proportional controller
D) Integral controller
Answer: B) Closed-loop control system

35. What is the role of the actuator in a feedback control system?
A) To measure the system output
B) To compare the system output to the reference signal
C) To convert the control signal into physical action
D) To provide feedback on the system’s output
Answer: C) To convert the control signal into physical action

36. Which of the following is a characteristic of an open-loop control system?
A) It uses feedback to adjust the input
B) It is more accurate than a closed-loop system
C) It does not adjust to disturbances
D) It has a feedback loop
Answer: C) It does not adjust to disturbances

37. What is the Laplace transform of a unit impulse function in a feedback control system?
A) 1
B) 1/s
C) s
D) 1/s^2
Answer: A) 1

38. What is the primary advantage of using a feedback control system in a dynamic environment?
A) It simplifies the system
B) It ensures accurate and stable performance
C) It reduces system complexity
D) It eliminates the need for sensors
Answer: B) It ensures accurate and stable performance

39. Which type of controller is used to eliminate steady-state error in a feedback control system?
A) Proportional controller
B) Integral controller
C) Derivative controller
D) Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller
Answer: B) Integral controller

40. What does the term “gain margin” refer to in a feedback control system?
A) The margin of stability when the gain is increased
B) The difference between the system output and reference signal
C) The margin of error in the system output
D) The difference in gain between input and output signals
Answer: A) The margin of stability when the gain is increased

41. What is the primary function of a sensor in a feedback control system?
A) To measure and provide feedback on the system’s output
B) To convert the control signal into physical action
C) To compare the output to the reference signal
D) To amplify the system’s response
Answer: A) To measure and provide feedback on the system’s output

42. What is the Laplace transform of a unit step function in a feedback control system?
A) 1
B) 1/s
C) s
D) 1/s^2
Answer: B) 1/s

43. In a feedback control system, what does the term “transient response” refer to?
A) The steady-state behavior of the system
B) The system’s response to a sudden change
C) The error between desired and actual output
D) The effect of noise and disturbances
Answer: B) The system’s response to a sudden change

44. What is the primary role of a proportional controller in a feedback control system?
A) To eliminate steady-state error
B) To provide a control action based on the current error
C) To adjust the system input based on the rate of change of error
D) To measure and provide feedback on the system’s output
Answer: B) To provide a control action based on the current error

45. Which type of controller is designed to improve the stability of a system by anticipating future errors?
A) Proportional controller
B) Integral controller
C) Derivative controller
D) Proportional-Integral (PI) controller
Answer: C) Derivative controller

46. What is the effect of adding a filter in a feedback control system?
A) It increases system complexity
B) It amplifies the system’s response
C) It reduces noise and disturbances
D) It decreases system stability
Answer: C) It reduces noise and disturbances

47. What does the term “phase lag” refer to in a feedback control system?
A) The delay between input and output signals
B) The difference between the system output and reference signal
C) The time it takes for the system to reach steady-state
D) The amount of error in the system output
Answer: A) The delay between input and output signals

48. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller?
A) It eliminates steady-state error
B) It provides corrective action based on the rate of change of error
C) It provides corrective action based on the current error only
D) It integrates the error over time
Answer: B) It provides corrective action based on the rate of change of error

49. What is the purpose of introducing a derivative term in a feedback control system?
A) To eliminate steady-state error
B) To improve system stability and response time
C) To measure and provide feedback on the system’s output
D) To convert the control signal into physical action
Answer: B) To improve system stability and response time

50. What does the term “closed-loop gain” refer to in a feedback control system?
A) The gain of the system without feedback
B) The gain of the system with feedback
C) The gain of the system’s controller
D) The gain of the system’s actuator
Answer: B) The gain of the system with feedback

51. Which of the following statements is true about open-loop control systems?
A) They adjust to changes in the system based on feedback
B) They are more accurate than closed-loop systems
C) They do not use feedback to adjust the input
D) They are less sensitive to disturbances than closed-loop systems
Answer: C) They do not use feedback to adjust the input

52. What is the effect of increasing the feedback gain in a closed-loop control system?
A) It increases system stability
B) It decreases system stability
C) It increases system accuracy
D) It decreases system accuracy
Answer: B) It decreases system stability

53. In a feedback control system, what does the term “steady-state” refer to?
A) The initial response of the system to a change
B) The system’s behavior after transient effects have settled
C) The maximum error in the system output
D) The time required for the system to reach equilibrium
Answer: B) The system’s behavior after transient effects have settled

54. What is the purpose of a proportional-integral (PI) controller in a feedback control system?
A) To eliminate steady-state error and improve stability
B) To provide corrective action based on the rate of change of error
C) To compare the system output to the reference signal
D) To convert the control signal into physical action
Answer: A) To eliminate steady-state error and improve stability

55. What does the term “gain crossover frequency” refer to in a feedback control system?
A) The frequency at which the gain of the system is equal to one
B) The frequency at which the phase margin is zero
C) The frequency at which the system output and reference signal are equal
D) The frequency at which the system exhibits maximum gain
Answer: A) The frequency at which the gain of the system is equal to one

56. Which of the following is a common technique for improving the stability of a feedback control system?
A) Reducing the system’s gain
B) Increasing the system’s gain
C) Adding a derivative term to the controller
D) Adding a proportional term to the controller
Answer: C) Adding a derivative term to the controller

57. What is the effect of introducing a lag compensator in a feedback control system?
A) It improves the system’s response time
B) It reduces the system’s sensitivity to disturbances
C) It increases the system’s stability
D) It introduces phase lag in the system
Answer: D) It introduces phase lag in the system

58. What is the role of a lead compensator in a feedback control system?
A) To increase phase margin and improve stability
B) To reduce the steady-state error
C) To introduce phase lag and reduce overshoot
D) To measure and provide feedback on the system’s output
Answer: A) To increase phase margin and improve stability

59. What is the purpose of a disturbance observer in a feedback control system?
A) To estimate and compensate for disturbances in the system
B) To measure and provide feedback on the system’s output
C) To compare the output to the reference signal
D) To convert the control signal into physical action
Answer: A) To estimate and compensate for disturbances in the system

60. Which of the following is an example of a disturbance in a feedback control system?
A) The reference signal
B) The control signal
C) An external force acting on the system
D) The system’s output
Answer: C) An external force acting on the system

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