Evolutionary Biology — MCQs August 20, 2025 by u930973931_answers 50 Score: 0 Attempted: 0/50 Subscribe 1. Who is regarded as the father of evolution? (A) Gregor Mendel (B) Charles Darwin (C) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (D) Alfred Wallace 2. The book On the Origin of Species was published in: (A) 1845 (B) 1859 (C) 1865 (D) 1872 3. The idea of “inheritance of acquired characters” was proposed by: (A) Darwin (B) Mendel (C) Lamarck (D) Wallace 4. The term “struggle for existence” was introduced by: (A) Darwin (B) Spencer (C) Wallace (D) Huxley 5. The concept of “survival of the fittest” was coined by: (A) Wallace (B) Huxley (C) Herbert Spencer (D) Darwin 6. Genetic variation is introduced into a population by: (A) Mutation (B) Natural selection (C) Adaptation (D) Extinction 7. Which of the following is not a mechanism of evolution? (A) Mutation (B) Genetic drift (C) Natural selection (D) Photosynthesis 8. The fossil record provides evidence for: (A) Evolution (B) Photosynthesis (C) Respiration (D) Osmosis 9. Which theory explains evolution through small, gradual changes? (A) Catastrophism (B) Gradualism (C) Punctuated equilibrium (D) Creationism 10. Punctuated equilibrium was proposed by: (A) Darwin and Wallace (B) Eldredge and Gould (C) Lamarck and Spencer (D) Mendel and Huxley 11. The basic unit of evolution is: (A) Gene (B) Cell (C) Population (D) Organism 12. Industrial melanism in moths is an example of: (A) Mutation (B) Natural selection (C) Genetic drift (D) Speciation 13. Which scientist independently proposed natural selection with Darwin? (A) Lamarck (B) Wallace (C) Mendel (D) Lyell 14. Vestigial organs are evidence of: (A) Creationism (B) Evolution (C) Gradualism (D) Mutation 15. Homologous structures indicate: (A) Convergent evolution (B) Divergent evolution (C) Artificial selection (D) Mutation 16. Analogous structures result from: (A) Divergent evolution (B) Convergent evolution (C) Genetic drift (D) Speciation 17. Which process can cause a sudden reduction in population size and genetic diversity? (A) Mutation (B) Founder effect (C) Bottleneck effect (D) Gene flow 18. The Hardy-Weinberg principle is used to study: (A) Evolutionary change (B) Photosynthesis (C) Food chains (D) Fossilization 19. Which of the following is not a condition for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (A) No mutation (B) Large population size (C) Natural selection occurs (D) Random mating 20. Gene flow refers to: (A) Transfer of genes between populations (B) Random mutations in DNA (C) Natural selection (D) Speciation 21. Adaptive radiation is observed in: (A) Darwin’s finches (B) Human races (C) Frogs (D) Insects 22. Speciation due to geographic isolation is called: (A) Sympatric speciation (B) Allopatric speciation (C) Artificial selection (D) Mutation 23. Which scientist is associated with the theory of uniformitarianism? (A) Lyell (B) Darwin (C) Wallace (D) Mendel 24. Which of the following evidences support evolution? (A) Fossils (B) Comparative anatomy (C) Molecular biology (D) All of the above 25. Atavism refers to: (A) Evolutionary loss of function (B) Reappearance of ancestral characters (C) Convergent evolution (D) Artificial selection 26. Which is the raw material for evolution? (A) Adaptation (B) Mutation (C) Migration (D) Competition 27. Which evolutionary force is entirely random? (A) Mutation (B) Natural selection (C) Genetic drift (D) Adaptation 28. The fossil Archaeopteryx shows characteristics of: (A) Amphibians and reptiles (B) Reptiles and birds (C) Mammals and reptiles (D) Birds and mammals 29. Who proposed the “five kingdom classification”? (A) Whittaker (B) Darwin (C) Wallace (D) Lamarck 30. Which term refers to small evolutionary changes within a population? (A) Microevolution (B) Macroevolution (C) Speciation (D) Coevolution 31. Macroevolution results in: (A) New alleles (B) New species (C) New mutations (D) Genetic drift 32. The study of embryos to understand evolution is called: (A) Comparative anatomy (B) Paleontology (C) Embryology (D) Phylogeny 33. The founder effect is most common in: (A) Large populations (B) Isolated populations (C) Balanced populations (D) Fossilized species 34. Which evolutionary evidence is strongest at the molecular level? (A) DNA sequences (B) Fossils (C) Analogous structures (D) Homologous organs 35. The term “gene pool” refers to: (A) Genes of an individual (B) All alleles in a population (C) DNA in the nucleus (D) Chromosomes in a species 36. Natural selection acts directly on: (A) Genotype (B) Phenotype (C) DNA sequences (D) Chromosomes 37. Which type of selection favors average traits? (A) Directional selection (B) Stabilizing selection (C) Disruptive selection (D) Sexual selection 38. Which type of selection favors extreme traits? (A) Stabilizing selection (B) Disruptive selection (C) Directional selection (D) Balancing selection 39. Sexual selection leads to: (A) Mutation (B) Mating advantages (C) Genetic drift (D) Isolation 40. Coevolution refers to: (A) Evolution of species in isolation (B) Mutual evolutionary influence between species (C) Extinction of species (D) Evolution of identical traits in different lineages 41. Evolutionary trees are called: (A) Fossils (B) Phylogenies (C) Mutations (D) Gene maps 42. Which isotope is commonly used for dating fossils? (A) Carbon-14 (B) Oxygen-16 (C) Nitrogen-15 (D) Hydrogen-2 43. The first life forms were most likely: (A) Multicellular organisms (B) Prokaryotes (C) Fungi (D) Plants 44. The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated: (A) Speciation (B) Formation of organic molecules (C) Mutation (D) Evolution of birds 45. Which theory suggests life originated from non-living matter? (A) Biogenesis (B) Abiogenesis (C) Catastrophism (D) Creationism 46. The term “fitness” in evolution refers to: (A) Physical strength (B) Ability to survive and reproduce (C) Mutation rate (D) Energy consumption 47. Which scientist is associated with population studies influencing Darwin? (A) Lyell (B) Malthus (C) Lamarck (D) Wallace 48. Evolutionary convergence leads to: (A) Homologous structures (B) Analogous structures (C) Vestigial organs (D) Genetic drift 49. Which period is known as the “age of reptiles”? (A) Paleozoic (B) Mesozoic (C) Cenozoic (D) Precambrian 50. The earliest known hominid fossil is: (A) Australopithecus (B) Homo habilis (C) Homo erectus (D) Neanderthal