Environmental Biology — MCQs

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1. The study of interactions between organisms and their environment is called:





2. The term “biosphere” refers to:





3. The main source of energy for the Earth’s ecosystems is:





4. The greenhouse effect is caused by excessive:





5. Which gas is most responsible for ozone layer depletion?





6. The process of converting waste materials into reusable objects is called:





7. Deforestation mainly contributes to:





8. The major cause of acid rain is:





9. The species which indicate the health of an environment are called:





10. The largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth is:





11. The process of nutrient enrichment of water bodies is called:





12. The gradual increase in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere is known as:





13. Which of the following is a renewable resource?





14. Which biome is known for having the greatest biodiversity?





15. Which environmental problem is caused by excessive fertilizer use?





16. The species that plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance is called:





17. The process of accumulation of harmful substances in food chains is:





18. Which environmental law regulates pollution in many countries?





19. The primary producer in an ecosystem is usually:





20. The natural process of breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms is:





21. The ozone layer is found in which atmospheric layer?





22. Which human activity is the main source of CO₂ emissions?





23. The excessive cutting of forests for human use is termed:





24. The conservation strategy that involves protecting entire ecosystems is:





25. The process of planting trees in a deforested area is:





26. Which layer of Earth is responsible for the greenhouse effect?





27. The main cause of desertification is:





28. Which is considered the most polluted river in the world?





29. The process of using living organisms to clean polluted environments is:





30. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?





31. The greenhouse gas with the highest global warming potential is:





32. The major component of smog is:





33. The process of water infiltration into soil is part of the:





34. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of:





35. Which type of species causes ecological imbalance when introduced to new habitats?





36. Acid rain damages plants by:





37. The process of soil fertility loss due to over-cropping is:





38. The main source of freshwater pollution is:





39. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?





40. Which conservation method uses gene banks?





41. The thinning of the ozone layer causes increased:





42. Kyoto Protocol is related to:





43. The main source of indoor air pollution in rural areas is:





44. Which ecosystem is known as the “lungs of the Earth”?





45. Which energy resource is considered clean and renewable?





46. The increase in concentration of toxins at successive trophic levels is:





47. The term “carbon footprint” refers to:





48. Which organisms are most affected by biomagnification of pesticides?





49. Which protocol banned the use of ozone-depleting substances?





50. The main cause of loss of biodiversity is:





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