E-commerce MCQs

1. International marketing refers to:
(A) Selling goods only in domestic markets
(B) Selling goods and services across national borders
(C) Manufacturing products for local use
(D) Promoting products through local media

2. Which of the following is NOT a factor in international marketing?
(A) Cultural differences
(B) Exchange rates
(C) Government policies
(D) Local family traditions only

3. The primary objective of international marketing is:
(A) To reduce global trade
(B) To expand market share globally
(C) To restrict exports
(D) To minimize cultural exchange

4. The WTO stands for:
(A) World Tourism Organization
(B) World Trade Organization
(C) World Transport Organization
(D) World Trade Office

5. Standardization in international marketing means:
(A) Adapting products to each market
(B) Using the same marketing strategy globally
(C) Producing unique products for each region
(D) Ignoring cultural differences

6. Adaptation in international marketing means:
(A) Standardizing marketing campaigns
(B) Adjusting products and strategies to local markets
(C) Using only domestic marketing
(D) Ignoring consumer needs

7. Which of the following is a major risk in international marketing?
(A) Political instability
(B) Exchange rate fluctuations
(C) Cultural misunderstandings
(D) All of the above

8. A tariff is a:
(A) Tax on imported goods
(B) Free trade policy
(C) Marketing strategy
(D) Consumer discount

9. Which of the following is a non-tariff barrier?
(A) Import quotas
(B) Customs duties
(C) Export taxes
(D) Tariff charges

10. The concept of “global village” is associated with:
(A) Local trade only
(B) Globalization
(C) Import substitution
(D) Protectionism

11. Which strategy combines both global standardization and local adaptation?
(A) Standardization strategy
(B) Glocalization strategy
(C) Domestic strategy
(D) Export-only strategy

12. In international marketing, ethnocentric orientation means:
(A) Home country is superior, foreign markets are secondary
(B) Focus entirely on host country
(C) Equal treatment of all markets
(D) Preference for global orientation

13. Polycentric orientation means:
(A) Each host country is unique and requires a different strategy
(B) Same strategy applied worldwide
(C) Focus only on exports
(D) Ignoring international markets

14. Geocentric orientation means:
(A) Thinking globally and acting locally
(B) Favoring only domestic markets
(C) Using one-size-fits-all approach
(D) Ignoring foreign competition

15. Which of the following is an entry mode into international markets?
(A) Exporting
(B) Licensing
(C) Joint ventures
(D) All of the above

16. Which entry mode involves the least risk?
(A) Exporting
(B) Wholly owned subsidiary
(C) Joint venture
(D) Direct investment

17. Franchising is an example of:
(A) Exporting
(B) Licensing
(C) Foreign direct investment
(D) Contract manufacturing

18. A wholly owned subsidiary requires:
(A) Minimal investment abroad
(B) Full ownership and control in foreign markets
(C) No physical presence in host country
(D) Dependence on local partners

19. In international pricing, dumping refers to:
(A) Selling products at a high price abroad
(B) Selling products below cost to gain market share
(C) Avoiding exports
(D) Government subsidies

20. The international product life cycle suggests products are:
(A) Launched everywhere at the same time
(B) First introduced in home market, then abroad
(C) Manufactured only for domestic use
(D) Not affected by globalization

21. Which of the following is an economic factor in international marketing?
(A) Inflation
(B) Exchange rates
(C) Per capita income
(D) All of the above

22. Which of the following is a political factor in international marketing?
(A) Trade regulations
(B) Government stability
(C) Tariffs and quotas
(D) All of the above

23. A company’s global brand identity is shaped by:
(A) Consistency in messaging
(B) Cultural adaptation
(C) International advertising
(D) All of the above

24. Which of the following is NOT a cultural factor?
(A) Language
(B) Religion
(C) Exchange rates
(D) Values

25. Gray markets refer to:
(A) Illegal product markets
(B) Unauthorized distribution of genuine products
(C) Black marketing
(D) Counterfeit products

26. International segmentation is based on:
(A) Geography
(B) Demographics
(C) Psychographics
(D) All of the above

27. In international marketing, standardization helps in:
(A) Reducing costs
(B) Strong brand image
(C) Economies of scale
(D) All of the above

28. Currency fluctuations affect:
(A) International pricing
(B) Export earnings
(C) Profit margins
(D) All of the above

29. Which of the following is an international promotional tool?
(A) Global advertising
(B) International trade fairs
(C) Sponsorships
(D) All of the above

30. A global supply chain refers to:
(A) Manufacturing in one country only
(B) Coordinated flow of goods across countries
(C) Restricting imports
(D) Avoiding outsourcing

31. International distribution is also called:
(A) Place strategy
(B) Foreign logistics
(C) Global channel management
(D) All of the above

32. Which of the following is an advantage of joint ventures?
(A) Shared risk
(B) Local market knowledge
(C) Access to distribution channels
(D) All of the above

33. Countertrade refers to:
(A) Selling products for money
(B) Exchanging goods for goods
(C) Dumping products abroad
(D) Currency speculation

34. Cross-cultural communication is important in:
(A) Branding
(B) Advertising
(C) Negotiations
(D) All of the above

35. Which strategy focuses on developing a uniform brand worldwide?
(A) Global branding
(B) Local branding
(C) Mixed branding
(D) Regional branding

36. A multinational company (MNC) operates in:
(A) One country only
(B) Multiple countries with headquarters in one country
(C) Only developing countries
(D) Regional areas only

37. A transnational company:
(A) Ignores local adaptation
(B) Operates with integrated global strategies
(C) Works only with exports
(D) Functions without subsidiaries

38. Global standardization is best suited for:
(A) Products with universal demand
(B) Products heavily influenced by culture
(C) Local food items
(D) Personal services

39. The marketing mix in international marketing is also called:
(A) 4Ps
(B) 7Cs
(C) 5Ms
(D) 3Es

40. International logistics deals with:
(A) Moving products within a city
(B) Transporting goods across countries
(C) Domestic supply chains
(D) Warehousing only

41. Which pricing strategy charges a lower price to penetrate international markets?
(A) Skimming pricing
(B) Penetration pricing
(C) Premium pricing
(D) Value-based pricing

42. Which organization promotes free trade among member countries?
(A) IMF
(B) WTO
(C) WHO
(D) UNESCO

43. Cross-border e-commerce is an example of:
(A) Domestic marketing
(B) International marketing
(C) Government trading
(D) Local distribution

44. Cultural sensitivity in marketing ensures:
(A) Avoiding offensive promotions
(B) Better consumer relationships
(C) Brand acceptance
(D) All of the above

45. Which is the biggest challenge in global advertising?
(A) Language barriers
(B) Uniform pricing
(C) Logistics
(D) Tariffs

46. Market entry through direct investment involves:
(A) High risk and high control
(B) Low risk and low control
(C) Minimal investment
(D) Licensing only

47. Which global strategy combines cost efficiency with local responsiveness?
(A) International strategy
(B) Global strategy
(C) Transnational strategy
(D) Multidomestic strategy

48. Which of the following is a trade bloc?
(A) NAFTA
(B) EU
(C) ASEAN
(D) All of the above

49. Which factor is crucial for success in international marketing?
(A) Understanding consumer behavior
(B) Managing cultural diversity
(C) Strong global supply chain
(D) All of the above

50. The ultimate goal of international marketing is:
(A) To increase domestic sales only
(B) To maximize global customer satisfaction and profits
(C) To avoid global expansion
(D) To restrict imports