Digital Signal Processing (DSP) MCQs

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1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of digital signals compared to analog signals?
A) Ease of processing
B) Immunity to noise
C) Infinite resolution
D) Ease of storage
Answer: C) Infinite resolution

2. The process of converting a continuous signal into a discrete signal is known as:
A) Sampling
B) Quantization
C) Filtering
D) Modulation
Answer: A) Sampling

3. Nyquist sampling theorem states that to avoid aliasing, the sampling rate should be:
A) At least twice the signal bandwidth
B) Equal to the signal bandwidth
C) Half of the signal bandwidth
D) Irrelevant to the signal bandwidth
Answer: A) At least twice the signal bandwidth

4. The number of bits used to represent each sample in a digital signal affects:
A) The amplitude resolution
B) The frequency resolution
C) The dynamic range
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

5. The process of converting a digital signal back into an analog signal is called:
A) Modulation
B) Demodulation
C) Sampling
D) Digital-to-analog conversion
Answer: D) Digital-to-analog conversion

6. In the context of digital filters, FIR stands for:
A) Finite Impulse Response
B) Frequency Invariant Response
C) Fast Impulse Response
D) Filtered Impulse Response
Answer: A) Finite Impulse Response

7. Which of the following filters is non-recursive?
A) FIR filter
B) IIR filter
C) Butterworth filter
D) Chebyshev filter
Answer: A) FIR filter

8. The Z-transform is used in DSP to:
A) Convert analog signals to digital signals
B) Analyze digital filters in the frequency domain
C) Quantize digital signals
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Analyze digital filters in the frequency domain

9. A signal has a sampling rate of 8000 Hz. What is its Nyquist frequency?
A) 4000 Hz
B) 8000 Hz
C) 16000 Hz
D) 2000 Hz
Answer: A) 4000 Hz

10. Which of the following techniques is used to reduce quantization errors in analog-to-digital conversion?
A) Oversampling
B) Aliasing
C) Nyquist criterion
D) Sampling theorem
Answer: A) Oversampling

11. The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is used to convert:
A) Analog signals to digital signals
B) Digital signals to analog signals
C) Time-domain signals to frequency-domain signals
D) Continuous signals to discrete signals
Answer: C) Time-domain signals to frequency-domain signals

12. Which window function is commonly used in FIR filter design to minimize the side lobes in the frequency domain?
A) Rectangular window
B) Hamming window
C) Bartlett window
D) Blackman window
Answer: D) Blackman window

13. The impulse response of a system can be found by taking the ________ of its transfer function.
A) Fourier transform
B) Inverse Fourier transform
C) Laplace transform
D) Z-transform
Answer: B) Inverse Fourier transform

14. Which of the following statements about digital signal processing is true?
A) It requires more memory compared to analog processing.
B) It is less susceptible to noise compared to analog processing.
C) It can only process signals sampled at a low rate.
D) It is limited in its ability to handle complex algorithms.
Answer: B) It is less susceptible to noise compared to analog processing.

15. A system that does not change its characteristics over time is known as:
A) Time-varying system
B) Linear system
C) Time-invariant system
D) Causal system
Answer: C) Time-invariant system

16. Which of the following is a common application of DSP?
A) Image processing
B) Speech recognition
C) Radar systems
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

17. The process of converting an analog signal into a digital signal is called:
A) Modulation
B) Sampling
C) Quantization
D) Demodulation
Answer: B) Sampling

18. Which of the following is NOT a type of digital filter?
A) Butterworth
B) Kalman
C) Chebyshev
D) Bessel
Answer: B) Kalman

19. The primary advantage of digital filters over analog filters is:
A) They are cheaper to implement
B) They have better phase response
C) They are easier to design
D) They have better stop-band rejection
Answer: C) They are easier to design

20. The main drawback of FIR filters compared to IIR filters is:
A) Higher computational complexity
B) Limited flexibility in frequency response
C) Ringing in the time domain
D) None of the above
Answer: A) Higher computational complexity

21. In digital signal processing, decimation refers to:
A) Increasing the sampling rate
B) Decreasing the sampling rate
C) Converting analog signals to digital signals
D) Converting digital signals to analog signals
Answer: B) Decreasing the sampling rate

22. A DSP system with a quantization step size of 2 volts has how many quantization levels?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
Answer: C) 8

23. Which of the following is used to reduce the computational complexity of the FFT algorithm?
A) Radix-2 algorithm
B) Decimation-in-time algorithm
C) Inverse FFT
D) Zero-padding
Answer: A) Radix-2 algorithm

24. A digital signal has a maximum frequency component of 2000 Hz. What should be the minimum sampling rate to avoid aliasing?
A) 2000 Hz
B) 4000 Hz
C) 8000 Hz
D) 1000 Hz
Answer: B) 4000 Hz

25. Which of the following is an advantage of using the Hamming window in FIR filter design?
A) Maximum stop-band attenuation
B) Narrow main lobe
C) Low pass-band ripple
D) High computational efficiency
Answer: B) Narrow main lobe

26. Quantization error in analog-to-digital conversion can be reduced by:
A) Increasing the number of quantization levels
B) Decreasing the number of quantization levels
C) Increasing the sampling rate
D) Decreasing the sampling rate
Answer: A) Increasing the number of quantization levels

27. The process of shifting a signal in the time domain is equivalent to:
A) Convolution in the frequency domain
B) Multiplication by a complex exponential in the frequency domain
C) Addition in the frequency domain
D) Differentiation in the frequency domain
Answer: B) Multiplication by a complex exponential in the frequency domain

28. The primary difference between FIR and IIR filters is:
A) FIR filters have a finite impulse response, while IIR filters have an infinite impulse response.
B) IIR filters are always unstable, while FIR filters are stable.
C) FIR filters have a higher order than IIR filters.
D) IIR filters have linear phase response, while FIR filters have nonlinear phase response.
Answer: A) FIR filters have a finite impulse response, while IIR filters have an infinite impulse response.

29. The process of recovering the original signal from its quantized version is called:
A) Demodulation
B) Modulation
C) Reconstruction
D) Decimation
Answer: C) Reconstruction

30. Which of the following is a limitation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) compared to the continuous Fourier transform (CTFT)?
A) It can only be applied to time-domain signals.
B) It requires more computational resources.
C) It assumes infinite periodic extension of the signal.
D) It does not provide frequency resolution.
Answer: C) It assumes infinite periodic extension of the signal.

31. The process of extracting specific frequency bands from a signal is known as:
A) Filtering
B) Modulation
C) Demodulation
D) Sampling
Answer: A) Filtering

32. The phase response of a digital filter describes:
A) How the filter affects the magnitude of different frequency components.
B) How the filter delays different frequency components.
C) How the filter introduces distortion in the time domain.
D) How the filter amplifies different frequency components.
Answer: B) How the filter delays different frequency components.

33. Which of the following is a drawback of using a high-order FIR filter?
A) High pass-band ripple
B) Limited stop-band attenuation
C) Increased computational complexity
D) None of the above
Answer: C) Increased computational complexity

34. In DSP terminology, the process of finding the time-domain output of a system given its impulse response and input signal is called:
A) Convolution
B) Correlation
C) Modulation
D) Demodulation
Answer: A) Convolution

35. Which of the following statements about the FFT algorithm is true?
A) It is slower than the DFT for large inputs.
B) It computes the DFT in O(N^2) time complexity.
C) It is used primarily for analog signal processing.
D) It reduces the number of computations compared to the direct DFT computation.
Answer: D) It reduces the number of computations compared to the direct DFT computation.

36. A signal with a bandwidth of 4 kHz is sampled at 10 kHz. To avoid aliasing, what is the maximum allowable bandwidth of the input signal?
A) 5 kHz
B) 4 kHz
C) 2 kHz
D) 10 kHz
Answer: A) 5 kHz

37. Which of the following is NOT a common window function used in FIR filter design?
A) Rectangular window
B) Hanning window
C) Kaiser window
D) Gibbs window
Answer: D) Gibbs window

38. The main purpose of zero-padding in FFT computation is to:
A) Reduce the computational complexity
B) Improve frequency resolution
C) Decrease the amplitude of spectral leakage
D) Increase the time resolution
Answer: B) Improve frequency resolution

39. The process of converting a digital signal into an analog signal is called:
A) Modulation
B) Sampling
C) Quantization
D) Digital-to-analog conversion
Answer: D) Digital-to-analog conversion

40. Which of the following is a characteristic of a causal system?
A) The output depends only on current and past inputs.
B) The system can produce output without any input.
C) The system has a symmetric impulse response.
D) The system is linear but time-varying.
Answer: A) The output depends only on current and past inputs.

41. In DSP, the process of interpolating between samples of a signal is called:
A) Decimation
B) Zero-padding
C) Reconstruction
D) Aliasing
Answer: C) Reconstruction

42. Which of the following is NOT a type of digital modulation technique?
A) Amplitude modulation (AM)
B) Frequency modulation (FM)
C) Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
D) Phase modulation (PM)
Answer: C) Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

43. A DSP system with a sampling rate of 20 kHz is used to process a signal with a maximum frequency component of 10 kHz. To avoid aliasing, what should be done?
A) Increase the sampling rate to 30 kHz
B) Decrease the sampling rate to 10 kHz
C) Use a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 10 kHz
D) Use a high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 10 kHz
Answer: C) Use a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 10 kHz

44. Which of the following statements about FIR filters is true?
A) They can have a recursive structure.
B) They are always stable.
C) They have infinite impulse response.
D) They are typically more computationally efficient than IIR filters.
Answer: B) They are always stable.

45. The process of combining two signals to create a new signal is known as:
A) Filtering
B) Modulation
C) Convolution
D) Correlation
Answer: C) Convolution

46. Which of the following transforms is commonly used to analyze signals in the frequency domain?
A) Fourier transform
B) Laplace transform
C) Z-transform
D) Hilbert transform
Answer: A) Fourier transform

47. Which of the following statements about the amplitude resolution of a digital signal is true?
A) It depends on the sampling rate.
B) It is infinite.
C) It is fixed by the number of bits used for quantization.
D) It does not affect the signal quality.
Answer: C) It is fixed by the number of bits used for quantization.

48. The process of removing high-frequency components from a signal is called:
A) Modulation
B) Demodulation
C) Decimation
D) Filtering
Answer: D) Filtering

49. Which of the following statements about the phase response of a digital filter is true?
A) It affects only the magnitude of the signal.
B) It describes how the filter delays different frequency components.
C) It is not important in digital signal processing.
D) It is linear for all digital filters.
Answer: B) It describes how the filter delays different frequency components.

50. Which of the following is an advantage of using the Chebyshev filter over other types of filters?
A) Maximum flatness in the pass-band
B) Sharp roll-off in the stop-band
C) Linear phase response
D) Minimum overshoot in the step response
Answer: B) Sharp roll-off in the stop-band

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