descriptive statistics, Mcqs

1. Which of the following measures central tendency? a) Range b) Variance c) Mean d) Standard deviation Answer: c) Mean 2. The median of a data set is the: a) Most frequent value b) Middle value when data is ordered c) Average of all values d) Difference between the highest and lowest values Answer: b) Middle value when data is ordered 3. Which measure is not affected by extreme values? a) Mean b) Median c) Standard deviation d) Range Answer: b) Median 4. The mode is defined as: a) The average of all data points b) The midpoint of the data set c) The most frequently occurring value d) The range of the data Answer: c) The most frequently occurring value 5. What is the measure of spread that describes the difference between the maximum and minimum values? a) Variance b) Standard deviation c) Range d) Interquartile range Answer: c) Range 6. Which of the following is a measure of variability? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Standard deviation Answer: d) Standard deviation 7. What does a box plot visualize? a) Mean and mode b) Range and standard deviation c) Quartiles and outliers d) Variance and interquartile range Answer: c) Quartiles and outliers 8. Which measure of central tendency is appropriate for nominal data? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Standard deviation Answer: c) Mode 9. The interquartile range (IQR) is: a) The difference between the highest and lowest values b) The middle 50% of the data c) The average of the data set d) The sum of squared deviations from the mean Answer: b) The middle 50% of the data 10. A symmetric distribution with one peak is: a) Bimodal b) Skewed c) Normal d) Uniform Answer: c) Normal 11. Which measure indicates the amount of variation or dispersion in a data set? a) Mean b) Median c) Variance d) Mode Answer: c) Variance 12. A positively skewed distribution has: a) A tail on the right b) A tail on the left c) No tail d) Equal tails on both sides Answer: a) A tail on the right 13. The standard deviation is the square root of: a) Mean b) Variance c) Median d) Range Answer: b) Variance 14. In a dataset, outliers can be detected using: a) Mean b) Histogram c) Z-scores d) Mode Answer: c) Z-scores 15. Which graphical representation is used to show the distribution of a data set? a) Pie chart b) Scatter plot c) Histogram d) Line graph Answer: c) Histogram 16. Which measure of central tendency can be used for ordinal data? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Standard deviation Answer: b) Median 17. The sum of all deviations from the mean is: a) Always positive b) Always negative c) Zero d) Equal to the variance Answer: c) Zero 18. A distribution with two peaks is called: a) Uniform b) Bimodal c) Normal d) Skewed Answer: b) Bimodal 19. Which measure is most affected by outliers? a) Median b) Mode c) Mean d) Interquartile range Answer: c) Mean 20. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean? a) 50% b) 68% c) 95% d) 99% Answer: b) 68% 21. A dataset’s quartiles divide it into: a) Two equal parts b) Four equal parts c) Three equal parts d) Ten equal parts Answer: b) Four equal parts 22. The geometric mean is used primarily for: a) Nominal data b) Highly skewed data c) Data measured in different units d) Multiplicative processes Answer: d) Multiplicative processes 23. The coefficient of variation is calculated as: a) Mean divided by standard deviation b) Standard deviation divided by mean c) Variance divided by mean d) Mean divided by variance Answer: b) Standard deviation divided by mean 24. Which measure of central tendency is used for interval data? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range Answer: a) Mean 25. The sum of squared deviations from the mean divided by the number of observations is: a) Range b) Standard deviation c) Variance d) Mean Answer: c) Variance 26. In a dataset, the range is defined as: a) The sum of the maximum and minimum values b) The average of the dataset c) The difference between the maximum and minimum values d) The square of the standard deviation Answer: c) The difference between the maximum and minimum values 27. Which type of graph is used to represent categorical data? a) Line graph b) Histogram c) Bar chart d) Scatter plot Answer: c) Bar chart 28. The measure of how closely data points cluster around the mean is: a) Median b) Mode c) Standard deviation d) Interquartile range Answer: c) Standard deviation 29. What does a high standard deviation indicate? a) Data points are close to the mean b) Data points are spread out over a large range of values c) The mean is high d) The dataset has no outliers Answer: b) Data points are spread out over a large range of values 30. The empirical rule states that in a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within three standard deviations of the mean? a) 68% b) 95% c) 99.7% d) 100% Answer: c) 99.7% 31. A negatively skewed distribution has: a) A tail on the right b) A tail on the left c) No tail d) Equal tails on both sides Answer: b) A tail on the left 32. What does the 50th percentile of a data set represent? a) The mode b) The mean c) The median d) The range Answer: c) The median 33. The relationship between two variables can be visualized using: a) Pie chart b) Histogram c) Scatter plot d) Box plot Answer: c) Scatter plot 34. The mean absolute deviation is: a) The average of the squared deviations from the mean b) The average of the absolute deviations from the mean c) The square root of the variance d) The difference between the maximum and minimum values Answer: b) The average of the absolute deviations from the mean 35. Which measure is used to describe the symmetry of a distribution? a) Mean b) Median c) Skewness d) Kurtosis Answer: c) Skewness 36. The degree of peakedness of a distribution is referred to as: a) Skewness b) Variance c) Kurtosis d) Standard deviation Answer: c) Kurtosis 37. In a positively skewed distribution, which is true about the mean, median, and mode? a) Mean < Median < Mode b) Mode < Median < Mean c) Mean = Median = Mode d) Mean < Mode < Median Answer: b) Mode < Median < Mean 38. Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range Answer: d) Range 39. The first quartile (Q1) of a data set is the: a) Median b) 75th percentile c) 25th percentile d) Mode Answer: c) 25th percentile 40. Which of the following best describes a frequency distribution? a) A summary of the number of times each value occurs b) A graph that shows the range of values c) A measure of central tendency d) A measure of variability Answer: a) A summary of the number of times each value occurs 41. What is a stem-and-leaf plot used for? a) To display the mean and standard deviation b) To organize data into a histogram-like format c) To show the range of data d) To calculate the variance Answer: b) To organize data into a histogram-like format 42. Which measure indicates the amount of dispersion around the median? a) Standard deviation b) Variance c) Interquartile range d) Mean absolute deviation Answer: c) Interquartile range 43. The measure of central tendency that can be used for all levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is: a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range Answer: c) Mode 44. If the mean of a dataset is 50 and the standard deviation is 5, what is the z-score of a value of 60? a) 1 b) 2 c) -1 d) 0 Answer: b) 2 45. In a perfectly symmetrical bell-shaped distribution, the mean, median, and mode are: a) All different b) Equal c) None of these d) Cannot be determined Answer: b) Equal 46. Which of the following is used to measure the spread of middle 50% of a dataset? a) Variance b) Range c) Interquartile range d) Standard deviation Answer: c) Interquartile range 47. A measure that indicates how much two variables change together is: a) Mean b) Correlation coefficient c) Median d) Mode Answer: b) Correlation coefficient 48. Which of the following is not affected by the skewness of a distribution? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range Answer: b) Median 49. If a dataset has an even number of observations, the median is: a) The middle value b) The average of the two middle values c) The most frequent value d) The range divided by two Answer: b) The average of the two middle values 50. Which of the following measures the average squared deviation from the mean? a) Standard deviation b) Variance c) Median d) Range Answer: b) Variance

descriptive statistics, Mcqs

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