Cosmology — MCQs

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1. Who first proposed the General Theory of Relativity, the foundation of modern cosmology?





2. Who discovered the expansion of the universe?





3. The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the remnant radiation from:





4. The age of the universe is approximately:





5. Which satellite first mapped the CMB in detail?





6. Which mission gave the most accurate measurements of the CMB?





7. The Planck mission was designed to study:





8. The Big Bang Nucleosynthesis produced primarily:





9. What does Hubble’s Law describe?





10. The current Hubble constant is approximately:





11. Which cosmological model suggests the universe has no edge or center?





12. The flatness problem in cosmology is explained by:





13. Who first proposed the idea of cosmic inflation?





14. Dark matter was first hypothesized by:





15. Dark energy is responsible for:





16. What fraction of the universe is dark energy (approx.)?





17. What fraction of the universe is dark matter (approx.)?





18. Ordinary (baryonic) matter makes up about:





19. Which observation proved the existence of dark energy?





20. The shape of the universe according to current observations is:





21. The cosmological constant (Λ) was introduced by:





22. Einstein originally introduced the cosmological constant to:





23. The observable universe extends about:





24. Which law states that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales?





25. The critical density determines:





26. If density > critical density, the universe is:





27. If density < critical density, the universe is:





28. The temperature of the CMB today is approximately:





29. Redshift (z) is a measure of:





30. A redshift z > 1 indicates:





31. Which type of redshift is due to cosmic expansion?





32. What are baryon acoustic oscillations?





33. Which theory suggests multiple universes?





34. Which force dominated the universe immediately after the Big Bang?





35. The epoch of recombination refers to:





36. The “dark ages” in cosmology ended with:





37. Which telescopes study the early universe?





38. Quasars are powered by:





39. The first stars (Population III) contained mainly:





40. What is the “cosmic horizon”?





41. Which era followed immediately after the Planck time?





42. The matter-antimatter asymmetry is explained by:





43. What are primordial fluctuations?





44. Which scientist proposed the Steady State theory?





45. Why did the Steady State theory fail?





46. What does ΛCDM stand for?





47. In the ΛCDM model, Λ represents:





48. In the ΛCDM model, CDM represents:





49. Which cosmological test uses galaxy clusters to measure matter density?





50. The ultimate fate of the universe depends on:





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