Cosmic Rays — MCQs August 20, 2025 by u930973931_answers 50 Score: 0 Attempted: 0/50 Subscribe 1. What are cosmic rays primarily composed of? (A) Electrons (B) Protons (C) Neutrons (D) Photons 2. Who first discovered cosmic rays? (A) Albert Einstein (B) Victor Hess (C) Enrico Fermi (D) Marie Curie 3. In which year were cosmic rays discovered? (A) 1905 (B) 1912 (C) 1925 (D) 1930 4. What was the method Victor Hess used to discover cosmic rays? (A) Balloon flights (B) Deep-sea diving (C) Mountain observations (D) Particle accelerators 5. The majority of cosmic rays are: (A) Heavy nuclei (B) Protons (C) Electrons (D) Gamma rays 6. What percentage of cosmic rays are helium nuclei (alpha particles)? (A) 5% (B) 10% (C) 15% (D) 25% 7. Which type of cosmic ray is most energetic? (A) Galactic cosmic rays (B) Solar cosmic rays (C) Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (D) Secondary cosmic rays 8. Cosmic rays that originate outside our galaxy are called: (A) Solar rays (B) Galactic cosmic rays (C) Extragalactic cosmic rays (D) Secondary rays 9. The Sun is a major source of: (A) Primary cosmic rays (B) Solar energetic particles (C) Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (D) Gamma-ray bursts 10. Which particles are created when cosmic rays collide with Earth’s atmosphere? (A) Muons and pions (B) Neutrons and protons (C) Photons only (D) Electrons only 11. Secondary cosmic rays are produced: (A) At the Sun (B) In supernova remnants (C) When primaries strike the atmosphere (D) In neutron stars 12. What is the most common detection method for cosmic rays? (A) Gamma-ray telescopes (B) Balloon experiments (C) Ground-based detectors (D) X-ray satellites 13. Which instrument is widely used to detect cosmic rays? (A) Bubble chamber (B) Cloud chamber (C) Geiger counter (D) All of the above 14. Which cosmic ray observatory is the largest in the world? (A) IceCube (B) Pierre Auger Observatory (C) Super-Kamiokande (D) KASCADE 15. Cosmic rays are deflected by: (A) Earth’s magnetic field (B) Solar wind (C) Galactic magnetic fields (D) All of the above 16. What is the “knee” in the cosmic ray energy spectrum? (A) A sudden drop in flux at high energies (B) A rise in solar particle numbers (C) A new type of radiation (D) Cosmic rays with no charge 17. Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays can reach energies above: (A) 10⁶ eV (B) 10¹² eV (C) 10¹⁸ eV (D) 10²⁰ eV 18. Which space-based experiment studied cosmic rays? (A) AMS-02 on ISS (B) Hubble Telescope (C) Chandra Observatory (D) LIGO 19. Cosmic rays contribute to: (A) Cloud formation (B) Radiation hazards for astronauts (C) Ionization of atmosphere (D) All of the above 20. Which scientist proposed cosmic rays might come from supernovae? (A) Enrico Fermi (B) Victor Hess (C) Carl Anderson (D) Pierre Auger 21. Cosmic rays are classified into how many types? (A) Two (B) Three (C) Four (D) Five 22. Which cosmic ray particle helped discover antimatter? (A) Positron (B) Muon (C) Pion (D) Neutrino 23. The first antimatter particle discovered in cosmic rays was: (A) Antiproton (B) Positron (C) Antineutron (D) Antihelium 24. Cosmic rays were key in the discovery of: (A) Muons (B) Pions (C) Kaons (D) All of the above 25. The primary effect of cosmic rays on spacecraft electronics is: (A) Melting (B) Radiation damage (C) Mechanical stress (D) Overheating 26. Which atmospheric layer is most affected by cosmic ray ionization? (A) Troposphere (B) Stratosphere (C) Mesosphere (D) Ionosphere 27. Cosmic rays at Earth’s surface are mostly: (A) Neutrons (B) Protons (C) Muons (D) Gamma rays 28. The geomagnetic cutoff determines: (A) Minimum energy for cosmic rays to reach Earth (B) Maximum cosmic ray flux (C) The speed of cosmic rays (D) Number of secondary muons 29. What protects Earth from most cosmic rays? (A) Ozone layer (B) Magnetic field and atmosphere (C) Solar wind (D) Ice sheets 30. Cosmic ray intensity is highest: (A) At the equator (B) At the poles (C) At sea level (D) Underground 31. What is the main hazard of cosmic rays for astronauts? (A) Weightlessness (B) Genetic damage from radiation (C) Pressure loss (D) Equipment freezing 32. Solar energetic particles are especially dangerous during: (A) Solar flares (B) Sunspots (C) Equinoxes (D) Eclipses 33. The study of cosmic rays helps in understanding: (A) Stellar explosions (B) Galactic magnetic fields (C) Dark matter (D) All of the above 34. Cosmic rays with extremely high energies are suspected to come from: (A) Black holes and quasars (B) Earth’s atmosphere (C) The Moon (D) The Sun 35. Which isotopes in rocks help trace past cosmic ray flux? (A) Carbon-14 (B) Beryllium-10 (C) Uranium-235 (D) Lead-206 36. Cosmic ray showers at ground level are studied using: (A) Fluorescence detectors (B) Scintillators (C) Cherenkov detectors (D) All of the above 37. Cosmic ray flux decreases with: (A) Altitude (B) Latitude (C) Depth underground (D) Solar flares 38. Which particle dominates secondary cosmic ray showers? (A) Electrons (B) Muons (C) Photons (D) Protons 39. Cosmic rays are a significant background for: (A) Neutrino astronomy (B) Dark matter searches (C) Gamma-ray astronomy (D) All of the above 40. Which cosmic ray particle is used in cancer therapy? (A) Proton (B) Muon (C) Alpha particle (D) Neutron 41. Cosmic ray detection at high altitudes is easier because: (A) Flux is lower (B) Flux is higher (C) Less geomagnetic interference (D) They don’t exist underground 42. The cosmic ray spectrum approximately follows: (A) Exponential law (B) Power law (C) Linear law (D) Gaussian law 43. What is the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin (GZK) limit? (A) Maximum speed of cosmic rays (B) Energy cutoff for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (C) Minimum flux of cosmic rays (D) Cosmic ray deflection limit 44. Cosmic rays were first mistaken for: (A) Gamma rays (B) X-rays (C) Solar flares (D) Neutrinos 45. Which Nobel laureate received the prize for cosmic ray discoveries? (A) Victor Hess (B) Enrico Fermi (C) Carl Anderson (D) All of the above 46. Cosmic ray research led to the discovery of which particle in 1936? (A) Pion (B) Neutrino (C) Muon (D) Kaon 47. Cosmic rays are also called: (A) Stellar winds (B) Ionizing radiation from space (C) Space photons (D) Nuclear fallout 48. Which factor modulates galactic cosmic rays reaching Earth? (A) Earth’s albedo (B) Solar activity (C) Ocean currents (D) Earth’s orbit 49. The effect of cosmic rays on aviation crews is: (A) Negligible radiation dose (B) Comparable to medical X-rays (C) No radiation exposure (D) Same as sea level 50. The study of cosmic rays is important because they: (A) Reveal high-energy processes in the universe (B) Have no scientific value (C) Only damage electronics (D) Are limited to Earth’s atmosphere