Control Systems in BME – MCQs

1. What is the primary purpose of a control system in biomedical engineering?
(A) Regulate physiological variables
(B) Manage hospital staff
(C) Record patient bills
(D) Measure road traffic

2. Which of the following is an example of a biomedical control system?
(A) Artificial pancreas for glucose regulation
(B) Railway signaling system
(C) Car engine cooling system
(D) Elevator system

3. Feedback in control systems is mainly used to:
(A) Correct errors in output
(B) Increase hospital expenses
(C) Record patient names
(D) Build hospital rooms

4. An example of negative feedback in physiology is:
(A) Regulation of body temperature
(B) Blood clotting
(C) Childbirth contractions
(D) Neuronal excitation

5. Open-loop control system does not use:
(A) Feedback
(B) Input signal
(C) Output response
(D) System components

6. In biomedical engineering, pacemakers act as:
(A) Control devices for heart rhythm
(B) Data recorders
(C) Blood analyzers
(D) Lung simulators

7. The mathematical model of a control system is often represented by:
(A) Differential equations
(B) Hospital charts
(C) Patient IDs
(D) Blood group tests

8. Stability of a control system refers to:
(A) Output remaining bounded for bounded input
(B) Patient stability in hospital
(C) Constant hospital funding
(D) Consistent food supply

9. Transfer function is defined in terms of:
(A) Laplace transform of output/input
(B) Patient data/output
(C) Hospital input/output
(D) Drug input/patient ID

10. In biomedical devices, closed-loop control is preferred because it:
(A) Provides automatic regulation
(B) Reduces hospital bills
(C) Increases staff salaries
(D) Organizes patient records

11. The heart’s natural pacemaker is called:
(A) SA node
(B) AV valve
(C) Pulmonary node
(D) Mitral valve

12. Block diagrams are used in control systems to:
(A) Represent functional relationships
(B) Record hospital budgets
(C) Track patient attendance
(D) Store medicine lists

13. Which of the following is a sensor in biomedical control systems?
(A) Thermistor for body temperature
(B) Hospital ID card
(C) Patient bill
(D) Stethoscope tube

14. Time constant in first-order systems determines:
(A) Speed of response
(B) Hospital admission time
(C) Patient discharge
(D) Staff scheduling

15. The unit step response of a stable first-order system is:
(A) Exponential rise
(B) Linear decrease
(C) Oscillatory growth
(D) Random variation

16. Which of the following devices uses feedback control?
(A) Insulin pump
(B) MRI machine
(C) X-ray machine
(D) ECG recorder

17. The primary function of a controller in a biomedical control system is to:
(A) Modify system input to achieve desired output
(B) Print hospital reports
(C) Reduce patient bills
(D) Organize patient data

18. A proportional controller adjusts:
(A) Control signal proportional to error
(B) Constant hospital fee
(C) Patient identity
(D) Bed capacity

19. PID controllers combine:
(A) Proportional, Integral, Derivative actions
(B) Patient ID, drug name, doctor name
(C) Hospital staff, medicine, food
(D) Pulse, imaging, dialysis

20. Integral control helps in:
(A) Eliminating steady-state error
(B) Increasing hospital area
(C) Reducing patient entries
(D) Managing canteen

21. Derivative control improves:
(A) System stability and transient response
(B) Hospital costs
(C) Blood typing speed
(D) Staff allocation

22. Which system is modeled as second-order dynamics?
(A) Human eye movement response
(B) Hospital ward arrangement
(C) Patient billing
(D) Medicine list

23. Root locus is a method to analyze:
(A) Stability and transient behavior
(B) Hospital patient distribution
(C) Doctor duty shifts
(D) Budget allocation

24. In frequency domain analysis, Bode plots represent:
(A) Gain and phase vs. frequency
(B) Hospital bills vs. patients
(C) Drug intake vs. cost
(D) Patient data vs. staff

25. Nyquist criterion is used to test:
(A) Stability of a system
(B) Hospital growth
(C) Food supply
(D) Patient insurance

26. Sensitivity in control systems measures:
(A) Effect of parameter changes on system behavior
(B) Patient sensitivity to drugs
(C) Hospital response to bills
(D) Doctor’s reaction

27. In biomedical engineering, ventilators use control systems to:
(A) Regulate airflow and pressure
(B) Record patient bills
(C) Increase staff
(D) Print medical reports

28. The Laplace variable “s” represents:
(A) Complex frequency
(B) Patient symbol
(C) System name
(D) Hospital sign

29. State-space models describe systems in terms of:
(A) State variables and matrices
(B) Hospital building blocks
(C) Patient addresses
(D) Doctor’s schedule

30. Controllability ensures:
(A) States can be driven to desired values
(B) Patients can be moved to wards
(C) Bills can be changed
(D) Records can be copied

31. Observability ensures:
(A) Internal states can be determined from outputs
(B) Hospital patients can be watched
(C) Staff can be monitored
(D) Rooms can be checked

32. A typical glucose regulation system in diabetes is an example of:
(A) Closed-loop control
(B) Open-loop control
(C) Manual control
(D) Random control

33. Phase margin and gain margin are used to measure:
(A) Relative stability of control systems
(B) Hospital staff salaries
(C) Food quality
(D) Blood pressure levels

34. The settling time of a system is the time taken:
(A) To reach and stay within a certain error band
(B) For patients to settle in wards
(C) To clear hospital dues
(D) For blood samples to clot

35. Damping ratio determines:
(A) Oscillatory behavior of system
(B) Patient comfort
(C) Staff shifts
(D) Medicine cost

36. A system with zero damping ratio exhibits:
(A) Sustained oscillations
(B) Constant zero output
(C) Linear decline
(D) Random output

37. The bandwidth of a control system indicates:
(A) Range of frequencies over which system responds effectively
(B) Hospital internet speed
(C) Patient capacity
(D) Blood test accuracy

38. Biomedical imaging devices often require:
(A) Stable control of scanning mechanisms
(B) Patient food control
(C) Hospital land expansion
(D) Staff coordination

39. Which type of feedback is essential for anesthesia delivery systems?
(A) Closed-loop negative feedback
(B) Open-loop control
(C) Positive feedback only
(D) Random feedback

40. The Nyquist plot is used in:
(A) Frequency domain stability analysis
(B) Patient admission chart
(C) Hospital budget report
(D) Blood sugar test

41. Routh-Hurwitz criterion is applied for:
(A) Stability of linear systems
(B) Hospital expenses
(C) Blood pressure check
(D) Staff hiring

42. Biomedical prosthetics use control systems to:
(A) Achieve motion based on sensory input
(B) Count hospital beds
(C) Print reports
(D) Allocate doctors

43. Noise in biomedical control systems refers to:
(A) Unwanted disturbances affecting signal
(B) Loud sounds in hospital
(C) Patient talks
(D) Staff complaints

44. Adaptive control is used when:
(A) System parameters vary over time
(B) Hospital budget varies
(C) Patient diet varies
(D) Staff attendance varies

45. Robust control ensures:
(A) System performs well under uncertainties
(B) Hospitals remain strong
(C) Patient health is robust
(D) Doctor’s advice is firm

46. The main advantage of digital control in biomedical systems is:
(A) High accuracy and programmability
(B) Reduced hospital staff
(C) Increased bed capacity
(D) Faster billing

47. Which biomedical system uses servo control principles?
(A) Robotic surgical arms
(B) MRI scanner magnets
(C) X-ray imaging
(D) Blood test kits

48. A typical ECG signal monitoring system includes:
(A) Sensors, amplifiers, filters, and display units
(B) Patient bills and reports
(C) Staff names and addresses
(D) Food supply data

49. Human postural control system is an example of:
(A) Biological feedback control
(B) Open-loop random system
(C) Mechanical resonance system
(D) Static balance system

50. Biomedical control systems must ensure:
(A) Safety, stability, and accuracy
(B) Increased hospital profits
(C) Higher staff salaries
(D) Reduced construction costs