What is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society?
a. Marketing
b. Consumer Behavior
c. Economics
d. Psychology
Answer: b. Consumer Behavior
Which psychological process involves recognizing a need or problem that can be solved by purchasing a product or service?
a. Perception
b. Motivation
c. Problem recognition
d. Learning
Answer: c. Problem recognition
In the context of consumer behavior, what does the term “Perception” refer to?
a. The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
b. The desire or drive that prompts an individual to take action
c. The set of values and beliefs that influence consumer choices
d. The external factors that influence buying decisions
Answer: a. The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
What is the term for the process through which consumers select, organize, and interpret information to form a meaningful picture of the world?
a. Motivation
b. Perception
c. Learning
d. Attitude formation
Answer: b. Perception
Which social factor plays a significant role in influencing consumer behavior by affecting an individual’s attitudes, values, and behavior?
a. Family
b. Culture
c. Personalities
d. Perception
Answer: b. Culture
What does the term “Reference Group” mean in the context of consumer behavior?
a. A group that individuals aspire to join
b. A group that an individual currently belongs to
c. A group that serves as a standard of comparison
d. A group formed for joint purchasing purposes
Answer: c. A group that serves as a standard of comparison
Which stage in the consumer decision-making process involves the evaluation of alternatives and the selection of the best-suited option?
a. Problem recognition
b. Information search
c. Purchase decision
d. Evaluation of alternatives
Answer: d. Evaluation of alternatives
In the context of consumer behavior, what is the term for the set of basic values, perceptions, wants, and behaviors learned by an individual from family and other important institutions?
a. Lifestyle
b. Culture
c. Social class
d. Personality
Answer: b. Culture
What is the term for the process through which individuals acquire the knowledge and experience to function as consumers?
a. Perception
b. Motivation
c. Learning
d. Attitude formation
Answer: c. Learning
Which psychological process involves the use of information to reduce the uncertainty of decision-making and make informed choices?
a. Perception
b. Motivation
c. Learning
d. Information search
Answer: d. Information search
What does the term “Cognitive Dissonance” refer to in the context of consumer behavior?
a. The inconsistency between attitudes and behavior
b. The discomfort or tension that arises when there is a discrepancy between an individual’s beliefs and actions
c. The process of learning through rewards and punishments
d. The stage in the decision-making process where alternatives are considered
Answer: b. The discomfort or tension that arises when there is a discrepancy between an individual’s beliefs and actions
Which factor refers to the enduring behaviors, attitudes, values, and beliefs that a consumer exhibits over time?
a. Personality
b. Perception
c. Motivation
d. Reference group
Answer: a. Personality
What is the term for a group that an individual wishes to join or emulate?
a. Aspiration group
b. Dissociative group
c. Reference group
d. Primary group
Answer: a. Aspiration group
In consumer behavior, what is the concept that suggests that individuals have a hierarchy of needs, and as one need is satisfied, another emerges in its place?
a. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
b. Pavlovian Conditioning
c. Skinnerian Learning
d. Freudian Theory
Answer: a. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
What is the term for the process through which individuals interpret information in a way that supports their preexisting beliefs and attitudes?
a. Selective exposure
b. Subliminal perception
c. Perceptual organization
d. Selective distortion
Answer: d. Selective distortion
Which factor involves the unique psychological characteristics that lead to consistent and lasting responses to the consumer’s environment?
a. Culture
b. Social class
c. Personality
d. Reference group
Answer: c. Personality
What does the term “Selective Retention” mean in the context of consumer behavior?
a. The tendency to forget information that conflicts with existing beliefs
b. The process of actively seeking and paying attention to information that confirms one’s beliefs
c. The tendency to remember information that is neutral or unbiased
d. The process of disregarding information that supports existing attitudes
Answer: a. The tendency to forget information that conflicts with existing beliefs
What is the term for the social standing of an individual or family, often measured by factors such as income, education, occupation, and lifestyle?
a. Social class
b. Culture
c. Reference group
d. Social status
Answer: a. Social class
In consumer behavior, what does the term “Subculture” refer to?
a. A group with which an individual identifies but does not necessarily belong to
b. A group characterized by similar attitudes, values, and lifestyles
c. A group that individuals aspire to join
d. A group that an individual currently belongs to
Answer: b. A group characterized by similar attitudes, values, and lifestyles
What is the term for a learned tendency to respond consistently toward a given object, brand, or entity?
a. Motivation
b. Perception
c. Learning
d. Attitude
Answer: d. Attitude
Which stage in the consumer decision-making process involves the actual purchase of the chosen product or service?
a. Problem recognition
b. Information search
c. Purchase decision
d. Evaluation of alternatives
Answer: c. Purchase decision
What does the term “Psychographics” refer to in the context of consumer behavior?
a. The study of psychological processes underlying consumer behavior
b. The analysis of lifestyles, values, and personality traits of consumers
c. The examination of cultural influences on buying decisions
d. The assessment of social class and reference group impacts on consumers
Answer: b. The analysis of lifestyles, values, and personality traits of consumers
In consumer behavior, what is the term for a group that an individual does not want to be associated with?
a. Aspiration group
b. Dissociative group
c. Reference group
d. Primary group
Answer: b. Dissociative group
What is the term for the set of values, norms, attitudes, and other meaningful symbols that shape human behavior and artifacts in a society?
a. Social class
b. Subculture
c. Culture
d. Reference group
Answer: c. Culture
Which type of consumer buying decision involves a high level of involvement and significant perceived differences between brands?
a. Routine decision-making
b. Limited decision-making
c. Extensive decision-making
d. Impulse buying
Answer: c. Extensive decision-making
What is the term for the process of dividing a market into distinct groups with similar needs, characteristics, or behavior?
a. Market segmentation
b. Target marketing
c. Positioning
d. Differentiation
Answer: a. Market segmentation
Which factor refers to the process through which a consumer remembers only information that supports their existing beliefs and attitudes?
a. Selective exposure
b. Subliminal perception
c. Perceptual organization
d. Selective retention
Answer: d. Selective retention
What is the term for the process of dividing a larger market into smaller, homogeneous groups based on certain criteria?
a. Market segmentation
b. Target marketing
c. Positioning
d. Differentiation
Answer: a. Market segmentation
What does the term “Opinion Leader” mean in the context of consumer behavior?
a. An individual who actively seeks information about products and services
b. An individual who significantly influences others’ attitudes or behaviors
c. An individual who is highly susceptible to advertising
d. An individual who is resistant to new product information
Answer: b. An individual who significantly influences others’ attitudes or behaviors
Which factor represents an individual’s enduring evaluation of feelings about and behavioral tendencies toward an object or idea?
a. Perception
b. Motivation
c. Learning
d. Attitude
Answer: d. Attitude
In consumer behavior, what is the term for a short-lived, impulsive buying decision with little or no research or consideration?
a. Routine decision-making
b. Limited decision-making
c. Extensive decision-making
d. Impulse buying
Answer: d. Impulse buying
Which factor involves the process through which individuals interpret information in a way that supports their existing attitudes and beliefs?
a. Selective exposure
b. Subliminal perception
c. Perceptual organization
d. Selective distortion
Answer: a. Selective exposure
What does the term “Motivation” refer to in the context of consumer behavior?
a. The process through which individuals interpret information in a way that supports their existing attitudes and beliefs
b. The desire or drive that prompts an individual to take action
c. The set of basic values, perceptions, wants, and behaviors learned by an individual
d. The analysis of lifestyles, values, and personality traits of consumers
Answer: b. The desire or drive that prompts an individual to take action
In consumer behavior, what is the term for the process of actively seeking and paying attention to information that confirms one’s beliefs?
a. Selective exposure
b. Subliminal perception
c. Perceptual organization
d. Selective distortion
Answer: a. Selective exposure
What is the term for the process through which individuals organize and interpret sensory information into a meaningful picture of the world?
a. Selective exposure
b. Subliminal perception
c. Perceptual organization
d. Selective distortion
Answer: c. Perceptual organization
Which stage in the consumer decision-making process involves the gathering of information about products or services that can potentially solve a problem or fulfill a need?
a. Problem recognition
b. Information search
c. Purchase decision
d. Evaluation of alternatives
Answer: b. Information search
What is the term for the set of groups that a person believes they belong to or aspires to belong to?
a. Social class
b. Subculture
c. Reference group
d. Social status
Answer: c. Reference group
In consumer behavior, what is the term for a group to which an individual currently belongs?
a. Aspiration group
b. Dissociative group
c. Reference group
d. Primary group
Answer: d. Primary group
What does the term “Selective Distortion” mean in the context of consumer behavior?
a. The tendency to seek information that supports existing beliefs
b. The process of changing information to fit existing beliefs
c. The tendency to forget information that conflicts with existing beliefs
d. The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
Answer: b. The process of changing information to fit existing beliefs
Which type of buying decision involves low involvement and little perceived difference between brands, often leading to habitual purchasing behavior?
a. Routine decision-making
b. Limited decision-making
c. Extensive decision-making
d. Impulse buying
Answer: a. Routine decision-making
What is the term for the process through which individuals remember information that is neutral or unbiased, while forgetting information that conflicts with existing beliefs?
a. Selective exposure
b. Subliminal perception
c. Perceptual organization
d. Selective retention
Answer: d. Selective retention
In consumer behavior, what is the term for a group with which an individual identifies but does not necessarily belong to?
a. Aspiration group
b. Dissociative group
c. Reference group
d. Primary group
Answer: a. Aspiration group
Which factor involves the process through which a consumer actively avoids certain information that threatens their established beliefs?
a. Selective exposure
b. Subliminal perception
c. Perceptual organization
d. Selective distortion
Answer: a. Selective exposure
What is the term for the process through which individuals change information to fit existing beliefs?
a. Selective exposure
b. Subliminal perception
c. Perceptual organization
d. Selective distortion
Answer: d. Selective distortion
In consumer behavior, what is the term for a group characterized by similar attitudes, values, and lifestyles?
a. Aspiration group
b. Dissociative group
c. Reference group
d. Primary group
Answer: c. Reference group
What does the term “Aspiration Group” mean in the context of consumer behavior?
a. A group to which an individual currently belongs
b. A group characterized by similar attitudes, values, and lifestyles
c. A group that an individual does not want to be associated with
d. A group that an individual wishes to join or emulate
Answer: d. A group that an individual wishes to join or emulate
In consumer behavior, what is the term for a group formed for joint purchasing purposes, such as a family?
a. Aspiration group
b. Dissociative group
c. Reference group
d. Primary group
Answer: d. Primary group
What is the term for the process through which individuals actively avoid certain information that threatens their established beliefs?
a. Selective exposure
b. Subliminal perception
c. Perceptual organization
d. Selective distortion
Answer: a. Selective exposure
In consumer behavior, what is the term for a group that an individual does not want to be associated with?
a. Aspiration group
b. Dissociative group
c. Reference group
d. Primary group
Answer: b. Dissociative group
What is the term for a group characterized by strong social ties, emotional bonds, and frequent interaction, such as family and close friends?
a. Aspiration group
b. Dissociative group
c. Reference group
d. Primary group
Answer: d. Primary group