Cell Biology (Cytology) — MCQs

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1. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?





2. Which structure controls the activities of the cell?





3. Ribosomes are mainly involved in the synthesis of:





4. Which part of the cell is selectively permeable?





5. Who proposed the Cell Theory?





6. Which organelle is responsible for packaging and secretion?





7. Which structure is absent in prokaryotic cells?





8. The site of photosynthesis in plant cells is:





9. What is the fluid part of the cytoplasm called?





10. Lysosomes are also called:





11. Which organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?





12. The process of engulfing solid particles by a cell is called:





13. Microtubules are composed of:





14. In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?





15. Centrioles play a role in:





16. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in:





17. Which organelle is responsible for detoxification in liver cells?





18. The structural and functional unit of life is:





19. Which cytoskeletal element provides shape and support to cells?





20. Which organelle is absent in animal cells but present in plant cells?





21. The basic unit of chromatin is:





22. Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the equator?





23. The largest organelle in a plant cell is:





24. The primary function of peroxisomes is:





25. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?





26. Apoptosis is:





27. Which enzyme is found in lysosomes?





28. The cell membrane is mainly made up of:





29. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with:





30. Which cell junction allows communication between adjacent animal cells?





31. The process of cell drinking is:





32. Which organelle is called the “cell’s recycling center”?





33. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is located in the:





34. Which structure gives rigidity to plant cells?





35. The centrosome is absent in:





36. The main site of ATP production is:





37. The semi-fluid matrix inside the mitochondria is called:





38. The double membrane-bound organelles are:





39. What is the primary function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?





40. Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?





41. Which type of plastid stores starch?





42. In plant cells, plasmodesmata connect:





43. Which organelle is involved in protein folding and quality control?





44. The inner folds of mitochondria are called:





45. The term “cell” was coined by:





46. Which organelle is involved in photosynthesis?





47. Which phase of the cell cycle is the resting phase?





48. Which structure regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus?





49. In meiosis, crossing over occurs during:





50. The cytoplasm without organelles is known as:





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