1. What is metabolism in animals?
A) The process of energy production in cells
B) The breakdown of organic molecules to release energy
C) The synthesis of organic molecules
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
2. Which of the following is NOT a primary metabolic process in animals?
A) Glycolysis
B) Photosynthesis
C) Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
D) Oxidative phosphorylation
Answer: B) Photosynthesis
3. Where does glycolysis occur in animal cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Cytoplasm
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: C) Cytoplasm
4. Which molecule is the primary fuel for cellular respiration in animals?
A) Glucose
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Nucleic acids
Answer: A) Glucose
5. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Water
D) ATP
Answer: A) Oxygen
6. What is the purpose of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in cellular respiration?
A) To produce ATP
B) To produce carbon dioxide
C) To generate reducing agents for the electron transport chain
D) To produce glucose
Answer: C) To generate reducing agents for the electron transport chain
7. Which process occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces lactic acid or ethanol?
A) Glycolysis
B) Oxidative phosphorylation
C) Citric acid cycle
D) Beta-oxidation
Answer: A) Glycolysis
8. What is the term for the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol?
A) Glycolysis
B) Gluconeogenesis
C) Beta-oxidation
D) Lipogenesis
Answer: C) Beta-oxidation
9. Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in animal cells?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Mitochondrial matrix
C) Mitochondrial inner membrane
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: C) Mitochondrial inner membrane
10. Which molecule carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?
A) NAD+
B) FAD
C) ATP
D) ADP
Answer: A) NAD+
11. What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
A) To produce ATP
B) To generate reducing agents
C) To produce carbon dioxide
D) To oxidize glucose
Answer: A) To produce ATP
12. Which molecule serves as the “currency” for energy transfer in cells?
A) Glucose
B) ATP
C) NADH
D) FADH2
Answer: B) ATP
13. What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis?
A) 2 ATP
B) 4 ATP
C) 6 ATP
D) 8 ATP
Answer: A) 2 ATP
14. Which of the following metabolic pathways is primarily anabolic, synthesizing molecules from smaller precursors?
A) Glycolysis
B) Beta-oxidation
C) Lipogenesis
D) Citric acid cycle
Answer: C) Lipogenesis
15. What is the main function of the pentose phosphate pathway in metabolism?
A) ATP production
B) NADPH production
C) Glucose synthesis
D) Amino acid synthesis
Answer: B) NADPH production
16. Which of the following processes occurs during the fed state in animals?
A) Glycogenolysis
B) Gluconeogenesis
C) Lipolysis
D) Lipogenesis
Answer: D) Lipogenesis
17. Which hormone stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis during the fasting state?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cortisol
D) Thyroid hormone
Answer: B) Glucagon
18. Which hormone stimulates lipolysis during the fasting state?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cortisol
D) Thyroid hormone
Answer: C) Cortisol