Real-Time Systems MCQs

1. What defines a Real-Time System (RTS)?

A) Systems that are always online
B) Systems that operate within a specific time constraint
C) Systems that have high storage capacity
D) Systems that use virtualization technologies
Answer: B

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of Hard Real-Time Systems?

A) Missing deadlines is acceptable
B) Response time is not critical
C) Deadline misses lead to catastrophic consequences
D) They are used primarily for batch processing
Answer: C

3. In Soft Real-Time Systems, what happens if a deadline is missed?

A) System crashes
B) Performance degrades but the system continues to function
C) System reboots automatically
D) The task is rescheduled automatically
Answer: B

4. Which scheduling algorithm is commonly used in Hard Real-Time Systems due to its ability to meet deadlines?

A) Round Robin
B) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
C) Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
D) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
Answer: C

5. What is the purpose of a Watchdog Timer in Real-Time Systems?

A) To monitor the system’s performance metrics
B) To schedule tasks based on their deadlines
C) To ensure that tasks are executed within specified time limits
D) To reset the system if a task fails to complete on time
Answer: D

6. Which of the following is not a primary characteristic of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)?

A) Deterministic behavior
B) Preemption of tasks
C) Virtual memory management
D) Support for priority-based scheduling
Answer: C

7. Which scheduling policy ensures that high-priority tasks are always executed before lower-priority tasks?

A) Fixed priority scheduling
B) Round-robin scheduling
C) First-come, first-served (FCFS) scheduling
D) Shortest job next (SJN) scheduling
Answer: A

8. What is the maximum allowable jitter in Real-Time Systems?

A) The time taken for context switching
B) The delay between an event occurrence and the system’s response
C) The interval between two consecutive task executions
D) The difference between the highest and lowest task priority levels
Answer: B

9. Which of the following is a commonly used communication mechanism in Real-Time Systems for inter-task communication?

A) Message Queues
B) Binary Semaphores
C) Shared memory
D) All of the above
Answer: D

10. What is the purpose of Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS) in Real-Time Systems?

A) To allocate CPU resources based on task arrival rates
B) To minimize the number of context switches
C) To ensure that tasks are executed in round-robin fashion
D) To synchronize clocks across distributed systems
Answer: A

11. Which of the following is an example of an application that typically requires a Real-Time System?

A) Word processing software
B) Web browsers
C) Airline reservation systems
D) Media players
Answer: C

12. What is the purpose of a Critical Section in Real-Time Systems?

A) To execute tasks with the highest priority
B) To execute tasks with the lowest priority
C) To protect shared resources from concurrent access
D) To manage memory allocation
Answer: C

13. Which of the following is not a category of Real-Time Systems?

A) Hard Real-Time Systems
B) Soft Real-Time Systems
C) Firm Real-Time Systems
D) Virtual Real-Time Systems
Answer: D

14. Which type of Real-Time System guarantees that a response will occur before a certain deadline, but the response time is not critical?

A) Hard Real-Time System
B) Soft Real-Time System
C) Firm Real-Time System
D) Flexible Real-Time System
Answer: C

15. What is the primary goal of admission control in Real-Time Systems?

A) To admit new tasks into the system
B) To reject tasks that cannot meet their deadlines
C) To optimize the CPU utilization
D) To manage memory allocation
Answer: B

16. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using priority inheritance protocol in Real-Time Systems?

A) It increases context switching overhead
B) It can lead to deadlock situations
C) It does not support task preemption
D) It requires excessive memory resources
Answer: B

17. Which Real-Time System scheduling algorithm is based on the principle of “earliest deadline first”?

A) Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS)
B) Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
C) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
D) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
Answer: B

18. Which of the following is not a common application area for Real-Time Systems?

A) Robotics
B) Financial trading systems
C) Desktop publishing
D) Process control systems
Answer: C

19. What is the purpose of a Real-Time Database Management System (RTDBMS)?

A) To store data permanently
B) To process large volumes of data
C) To manage data with predictable response times
D) To optimize query performance
Answer: C

20. Which of the following is a characteristic of Soft Real-Time Systems?

A) They have hard deadlines that cannot be missed
B) They prioritize task completion over meeting deadlines
C) They are used primarily for scientific simulations
D) They require specialized hardware for operation
Answer: B

21. What is the role of a Time-Triggered Architecture (TTA) in Real-Time Systems?

A) To trigger events based on real-time clock signals
B) To schedule tasks based on event-driven triggers
C) To synchronize actions based on fixed time intervals
D) To manage task execution based on resource availability
Answer: C

22. Which of the following is not a consideration when designing Real-Time Systems?

A) Task scheduling and priority assignment
B) Power consumption optimization
C) Memory management strategies
D) User interface design
Answer: D

23. What is the purpose of a Real-Time Kernel in Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)?

A) To manage hardware resources such as memory and CPU
B) To provide a real-time clock for time-sensitive tasks
C) To enforce task scheduling policies and priorities
D) To handle user interactions and input/output operations
Answer: C

24. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Real-Time Systems?

A) Predictability
B) Adaptability
C) Reliability
D) Efficiency
Answer: B

25. Which of the following is a typical approach to ensuring fault tolerance in Real-Time Systems?

A) Reducing task priorities dynamically
B) Using redundant hardware or software components
C) Increasing task execution times
D) Ignoring error handling mechanisms
Answer: B

26. Which protocol is commonly used for real-time communication between distributed Real-Time Systems?

A) TCP/IP
B) UDP
C) HTTP
D) SMTP
Answer: B

27. What is the role of a Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP) in Real-Time Systems?

A) To synchronize clocks across distributed systems
B) To trigger events based on real-time signals
C) To manage communication between nodes with deterministic latency
D) To schedule tasks based on event-driven triggers
Answer: C

28. Which of the following is not a method of achieving determinism in Real-Time Systems?

A) Priority-based scheduling
B) Predictive analytics
C) Time-Triggered Architecture
D) Rate Monotonic Scheduling
Answer: B

29. In Real-Time Systems, what does the term “interrupt latency” refer to?

A) The time taken to process an interrupt request
B) The delay in task execution caused by interrupt handling
C) The interval between two consecutive task executions
D) The time taken for context switching between tasks
Answer: A

30. Which of the following is an example of a Real-Time System application where high reliability and predictable timing are critical?

A) Email servers
B) Video streaming services
C) Airbag deployment systems in automobiles
D) Social media platforms
Answer: C

31. Which Real-Time System scheduling algorithm assigns priorities based on the task’s worst-case execution time?

A) Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
B) Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS)
C) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
D) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
Answer: B

32. What is the primary challenge in designing Real-Time Systems compared to general-purpose computing systems?

A) Scalability
B) Adaptability to changing requirements
C) Predictability and meeting strict timing constraints
D) User interface design
Answer: C

33. Which of the following techniques is used to handle task synchronization and communication in Real-Time Systems?

A) Virtualization
B) Message passing
C) Dynamic linking
D) Memory segmentation
Answer: B

34. What is the significance of deterministic behavior in Real-Time Systems?

A) It ensures that tasks are executed in a random order
B) It guarantees that tasks always meet their deadlines
C) It allows tasks to execute at variable speeds
D) It minimizes resource utilization
Answer: B

35. Which scheduling policy in Real-Time Systems assigns fixed time slots to tasks regardless of their execution status?

A) Round-robin scheduling
B) Fixed priority scheduling
C) Rate monotonic scheduling
D) Time-sharing scheduling
Answer: A

36. Which of the following is a key consideration in choosing hardware for Real-Time Systems?

A) Clock speed of the processor
B) Size of the display monitor
C) Number of USB ports
D) Amount of disk space
Answer: A

37. Which protocol is commonly used for communication in Real-Time Systems that require reliable, ordered delivery of messages?

A) UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
B) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
C) HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
D) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Answer: B

38. In Real-Time Systems, what does the term “latency” refer to?

A) The time taken for task execution
B) The time taken for communication between nodes
C) The delay between an event occurrence and the system’s response
D) The time interval between two task activations
Answer: C

39. Which of the following scheduling algorithms assigns priorities based on the task’s period, with shorter periods receiving higher priority?

A) Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS)
B) Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
C) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
D) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
Answer: A

40. What is the role of a watchdog timer in Real-Time Systems?

A) To monitor and manage network traffic
B) To synchronize clocks across distributed systems
C) To reset the system if a task exceeds its allotted time
D) To optimize task scheduling algorithms
Answer: C

41. Which of the following is not a type of Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)?

A) VxWorks
B) QNX
C) Linux
D) FreeRTOS
Answer: C

42. Which Real-Time System scheduling algorithm is more suitable for tasks with variable execution times and deadlines?

A) Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS)
B) Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
C) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
D) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
Answer: B

43. What is the primary purpose of system modeling and simulation in Real-Time Systems?

A) To test hardware components
B) To predict system performance and validate design choices
C) To debug software applications
D) To manage system backups
Answer: B

44. Which technique is used in Real-Time Systems to reduce the response time of critical tasks?

A) Task deferral
B) Task duplication
C) Task preemption
D) Task migration
Answer: C

45. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using fixed priority scheduling in Real-Time Systems?

A) It is difficult to implement
B) It may lead to priority inversion
C) It requires excessive memory resources
D) It cannot handle sporadic tasks
Answer: B

46. What is the role of a Real-Time Clock (RTC) in Real-Time Systems?

A) To synchronize tasks with external events
B) To maintain the current time and date
C) To manage system interrupts
D) To optimize power consumption
Answer: B

47. Which of the following is a typical application area for Real-Time Systems that requires high reliability and safety?

A) Word processing software
B) Games
C) Nuclear power plant control systems
D) Social media platforms
Answer: C

48. Which of the following is a key advantage of using Real-Time Systems in industrial automation?

A) They are cost-effective
B) They require minimal maintenance
C) They improve system response times and reliability
D) They support dynamic task scheduling
Answer: C

49. What is the primary goal of fault tolerance mechanisms in Real-Time Systems?

A) To prevent system crashes
B) To recover quickly from failures and continue operation
C) To maximize system throughput
D) To minimize system latency
Answer: B

Real-Time Systems MCQs

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