Pharmacology — MCQs

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1. The study of the effects of drugs on living systems is called:





2. The process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is known as:





3. The site of drug action is determined by its:





4. The primary organ for drug metabolism is:





5. The enzyme family most responsible for drug metabolism is:





6. The main route of drug excretion is through:





7. The time required for the concentration of a drug to reduce by half is:





8. The maximum effect a drug can produce is known as:





9. Drugs that activate receptors are called:





10. Drugs that block receptors are called:





11. A drug that produces the opposite effect of an agonist is called:





12. The study of genetic variations affecting drug response is:





13. Which route of drug administration bypasses the first-pass metabolism?





14. The first-pass effect is primarily associated with the:





15. The therapeutic index of a drug is:





16. The drug-receptor interaction is usually:





17. Which type of antagonist competes with an agonist for the same receptor site?





18. The plasma concentration at which a drug shows maximum therapeutic effect without toxicity is:





19. Which phase of clinical trials evaluates drug safety in healthy volunteers?





20. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates the drug amount in the body to:





21. A drug with high first-pass metabolism should be given:





22. The measure of how much of an administered drug reaches the systemic circulation is:





23. Which route of administration provides the slowest absorption?





24. Which drug formulation provides controlled release?





25. The term “prodrug” refers to:





26. Tachyphylaxis refers to:





27. A side effect is defined as:





28. An idiosyncratic drug reaction is:





29. The drug used as a reference standard for bioequivalence studies is called:





30. A drug with zero-order kinetics is eliminated at a:





31. The antidote for opioid overdose is:





32. The antidote for benzodiazepine overdose is:





33. The drug atropine is classified as a:





34. Beta-blockers act by blocking:





35. Which type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs enhance each other’s effect?





36. An example of a selective COX-2 inhibitor is:





37. The main mechanism of action of penicillin is:





38. The drug digoxin acts by:





39. A teratogenic drug causes:





40. Which class of drugs is used to lower cholesterol?





41. Which diuretic is potassium-sparing?





42. The drug morphine acts mainly on:





43. Which drug is used in the treatment of tuberculosis?





44. Which drug is commonly used as an anticoagulant?





45. Which vitamin reduces the side effects of isoniazid?





46. Which drug is used to treat hypertension by blocking calcium channels?





47. Which class of drugs lowers blood pressure by blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme?





48. Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting:





49. Which drug is used in asthma as a β2-adrenergic agonist?





50. The term “pharmacovigilance” refers to:





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