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1. What is the smallest known particle in the Standard Model of particle physics?
(A) Quark
(B) Neutrino
(C) Electron
(D) Photon

2. What is the charge of a proton in terms of elementary charge?
(A) 1
(B) 0
(C) +2/3
(D) +1

3. Which force is responsible for holding atomic nuclei together?
(A) Electromagnetic force
(B) Strong nuclear force
(C) Gravitational force
(D) Weak nuclear force

4. What is the antiparticle of an electron?
(A) Neutrino
(B) Positron
(C) Muon
(D) Tau

5. Which fundamental particle is responsible for the electromagnetic force?
(A) Quark
(B) Electron
(C) Neutrino
(D) Photon

6. What is the primary function of a particle accelerator in particle physics?
(A) To generate neutrinos
(B) To collide particles at high energies
(C) To study gravitational forces
(D) To create black holes

7. What is the rest mass of a photon?
(A) Zero
(B) 1 GeV/c²
(C) 2.3 MeV/c²
(D) 9.11 x 10⁻³¹ kg

8. What is the term for particles that are affected by the strong nuclear force?
(A) Bosons
(B) Leptons
(C) Quarks
(D) Hadrons

9. Which particle is exchanged during the weak nuclear force interactions?
(A) Z boson
(B) Photon
(C) Gluon
(D) W boson

10. What is the term for the transformation of one type of quark into another?
(A) Quark decay
(B) Quark flipping
(C) Quark mixing
(D) Quark scattering

11. Which of the following particles is a lepton?
(A) Proton
(B) Electron
(C) Neutron
(D) Positron

12. What is the charge of a neutron in terms of elementary charge?
(A) 0
(B) +1
(C) +2/3
(D) 1

13. Which of the following is not a fundamental force in nature?
(A) Strong nuclear force
(B) Weak nuclear force
(C) Electromagnetic force
(D) Gravitational force

14. What is the term for the process where a particle and its antiparticle annihilate each other?
(A) Annihilation
(B) Scattering
(C) Decay
(D) Fusion

15. Which fundamental particle has a fractional electric charge?
(A) Photon
(B) Electron
(C) Neutron
(D) Proton

16. What is the concept of gauge bosons in particle physics?
(A) Particles that decay quickly
(B) Particles that have fractional charges
(C) Particles that mediate fundamental forces
(D) Particles that have no rest mass

17. Which of the following is a meson?
(A) Proton
(B) Pion
(C) Neutron
(D) Kaon

18. What is the primary role of neutrinos in particle physics?
(A) They carry the weak nuclear force
(B) They interact strongly with matter
(C) They have fractional electric charge
(D) They mediate gravitational interactions

19. What is the term for the process where a particle decays into lighter particles?
(A) Annihilation
(B) Decay
(C) Scattering
(D) Fusion

20. Which of the following is a baryon?
(A) Photon
(B) Electron
(C) Positron
(D) Proton

21. What is the concept of strangeness in particle physics?
(A) A measure of the particle's mass
(B) A property associated with the number of strange quarks in a particle
(C) A measure of the particle's charge
(D) A measure of the particle's spin

22. Which particle has the least rest mass among the following?
(A) Electron
(B) Proton
(C) Neutron
(D) Neutrino

23. What is the term for the process of combining nuclei to form heavier elements?
(A) Annihilation
(B) Scattering
(C) Fusion
(D) Decay

24. Which fundamental force is responsible for beta decay?
(A) Gravitational force
(B) Strong nuclear force
(C) Electromagnetic force
(D) Weak nuclear force

25. What is the name of the theory that unifies the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force?
(A) Grand Unified Theory (GUT)
(B) String Theory
(C) Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)
(D) Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)

26. What is the term for the force-carrying particles in the Standard Model?
(A) Bosons
(B) Fermions
(C) Hadrons
(D) Leptons

27. Which particle is responsible for the strong nuclear force?
(A) Gluon
(B) Photon
(C) W boson
(D) Z boson

28. What is the charge of a muon in terms of elementary charge?
(A) 1
(B) 0
(C) +1
(D) +2/3

29. What is the primary role of the Higgs boson in the Standard Model?
(A) To mediate the strong nuclear force
(B) To create black holes
(C) To carry the electromagnetic force
(D) To provide mass to other particles

30. Which quark has the highest electric charge among the following?
(A) Strange quark
(B) Down quark
(C) Up quark
(D) Top quark

31. What is the term for particles that are not affected by the strong nuclear force?
(A) Hadrons
(B) Quarks
(C) Leptons
(D) Bosons

32. Which of the following particles is not affected by the electromagnetic force?
(A) Neutron
(B) Photon
(C) Proton
(D) Electron

33. What is the primary function of a neutrino detector in particle physics experiments?
(A) To generate neutrinos
(B) To detect neutrino oscillations
(C) To study gravitational waves
(D) To measure the mass of neutrinos

34. What is the term for the process where a neutron transforms into a proton?
(A) Alpha decay
(B) Beta decay
(C) Gamma decay
(D) Neutron capture

35. Which force is responsible for the stability of atomic nuclei against electromagnetic repulsion?
(A) Weak nuclear force
(B) Strong nuclear force
(C) Electromagnetic force
(D) Gravitational force

36. What is the primary role of the weak nuclear force in particle interactions?
(A) It governs the stability of atomic nuclei
(B) It mediates interactions involving neutrinos
(C) It carries the electromagnetic force
(D) It creates black holes

37. Which of the following is not a lepton?
(A) Proton
(B) Muon
(C) Neutrino
(D) Electron

38. What is the concept of color charge in particle physics?
(A) A property of electrons related to electromagnetic interactions
(B) A property of quarks related to the strong nuclear force
(C) A property of neutrinos related to weak interactions
(D) A property of bosons related to mass

39. Which of the following particles is its own antiparticle?
(A) Electron
(B) Proton
(C) Neutron
(D) Neutrino

40. What is the term for the process where a particle emits a photon and changes its energy level?
(A) Radiation
(B) Scattering
(C) Annihilation
(D) Decay

41. Which quark has the highest mass among the following?
(A) Up quark
(B) Down quark
(C) Top quark
(D) Strange quark

42. What is the term for the conservation of charge in particle interactions?
(A) Charge conservation
(B) Charge symmetry
(C) Charge imbalance
(D) Charge asymmetry

43. Which particle is the heaviest among the following?
(A) Electron
(B) Proton
(C) Neutron
(D) Muon

44. What is the primary function of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)?
(A) To collide protons at high energies
(B) To generate dark matter
(C) To measure gravitational waves
(D) To create black holes

45. What is the term for the combination of quarks to form protons and neutrons?
(A) Quark fusion
(B) Hadronization
(C) Quark mixing
(D) Quark confinement

46. What is the name of the symmetry principle that relates particle physics to the conservation laws?
(A) Gauge symmetry
(B) Quantum symmetry
(C) Rotational symmetry
(D) Spatial symmetry

47. What is the term for the transition between different quark flavors in particle interactions?
(A) Charge changing
(B) Color changing
(C) Flavor changing
(D) Spin changing

48. Which of the following particles has no electric charge?
(A) Proton
(B) Electron
(C) Neutron
(D) Positron

49. What is the term for the process where a particle emits a neutrino and changes its flavor?
(A) Flavor oscillation
(B) Neutrino decay
(C) Flavor mixing
(D) Neutrino scattering

50. What is the term for particles that have mass and spin but do not interact via the strong nuclear force?
(A) Mesons
(B) Hadrons
(C) Leptons
(D) Bosons

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