1. Which of the following is not a domain of life?

a) Eukarya

b) Bacteria

c) Archaea

d) Fungi

Answer: d) Fungi

2. What is the primary function of a bacterial capsule?

a) Energy production

b) Protection from desiccation

c) Nutrient storage

d) DNA replication

Answer: b) Protection from desiccation

3. Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium?

a) Escherichia coli

b) Staphylococcus aureus

c) Salmonella enterica

d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer: b) Staphylococcus aureus

4. What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria?

a) Retrovirus

b) Bacteriophage

c) Prion

d) Viroid

Answer: b) Bacteriophage

5. Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi?

a) Unicellular prokaryotes

b) Photosynthetic

c) Chitin cell walls

d) Lack of cell walls

Answer: c) Chitin cell walls

6. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

a) Protein synthesis

b) Lipid synthesis

c) Packaging and processing of proteins

d) ATP production

Answer: c) Packaging and processing of proteins

7. Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

a) Nucleus

b) Ribosome

c) Mitochondrion

d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: c) Mitochondrion

8. What is the primary mode of transmission for influenza virus?

a) Direct contact

b) Airborne droplets

c) Foodborne

d) Vector-borne

Answer: b) Airborne droplets

9. Which of the following is a Gram-negative bacterium?

a) Streptococcus pyogenes

b) Bacillus subtilis

c) Escherichia coli

d) Clostridium difficile

Answer: c) Escherichia coli

10. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

a) Energy production

b) Protein synthesis

c) Lipid synthesis

d) DNA replication

Answer: b) Protein synthesis

11. Which of the following is a fungal infection?

a) Tuberculosis

b) Malaria

c) Candidiasis

d) Tetanus

Answer: c) Candidiasis

12. What is the primary mode of action of antibiotics targeting bacterial cells?

a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

b) Disruption of mitochondrial function

c) Inhibition of protein synthesis

d) Activation of viral replication

Answer: a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

13. Which of the following is an example of a protozoan parasite?

a) Plasmodium falciparum

b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

c) Streptococcus pneumoniae

d) Escherichia coli

Answer: a) Plasmodium falciparum

14. What is the primary function of the lysosome in eukaryotic cells?

a) Energy production

b) Protein synthesis

c) Cellular digestion and waste removal

d) DNA replication

Answer: c) Cellular digestion and waste removal

15. Which of the following is a vector-borne disease?

a) Tuberculosis

b) Malaria

c) Influenza

d) Tetanus

Answer: b) Malaria

16. What is the function of the ribosome in cells?

a) Energy production

b) Lipid synthesis

c) Protein synthesis

d) Cellular respiration

Answer: c) Protein synthesis

17. Which of the following is an example of a viral disease?

a) Tuberculosis

b) Malaria

c) Influenza

d) Tetanus

Answer: c) Influenza

18. What is the primary role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

a) Energy production

b) Protein synthesis

c) Storage and regulation of genetic material

d) Lipid synthesis

Answer: c) Storage and regulation of genetic material

19. What is the primary function of the cell wall in bacteria?

a) Regulation of cell shape

b) Energy production

c) Protection from osmotic stress

d) Protein synthesis

Answer: c) Protection from osmotic stress

20. Which of the following is an example of a helminthic infection?

a) Giardiasis

b) Toxoplasmosis

c) Ascariasis

d) Malaria

Answer: c) Ascariasis

21. What is the function of the plasmid in bacterial cells?

a) Cellular respiration

b) Genetic exchange and antibiotic resistance

c) Protein synthesis

d) DNA replication

Answer: b) Genetic exchange and antibiotic resistance

22. Which of the following is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with urinary tract infections?

a) Streptococcus pyogenes

b) Escherichia coli

c) Bacillus subtilis

d) Clostridium difficile

Answer: b) Escherichia coli

23. What is the primary mode of transmission for Clostridium tetani?

a) Direct contact

b) Airborne droplets

c) Foodborne

d) Vector-borne

Answer: a) Direct contact

24. Which of the following is an example of a fungal pathogen that affects the skin?

a) Candida albicans

b) Trichophyton rubrum

c) Plasmodium falciparum

d) Trypanosoma cruzi

Answer: b) Trichophyton rubrum

25. What is the primary function of the flagellum in bacterial cells?

a) Energy production

b) Cellular respiration

c) Motility

d) DNA replication

Answer: c) Motility

26. Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with pneumonia?

a) Escherichia coli

b) Streptococcus pneumoniae

c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer: b) Streptococcus pneumoniae

27. What is the function of the cilia in eukaryotic cells?

a) Cellular respiration

b) Protein synthesis

c) Motility and movement of substances

d) Energy production

Answer: c) Motility and movement of substances

28. Which of the following is an example of a bacterial toxin?

a) Botulinum toxin

b) Plasmodium toxin

c) Trypanosome toxin

d) Aspergillus toxin

Answer: a) Botulinum toxin

29. What is the primary function of the vacuole in eukaryotic cells?

a) Energy production

b) Storage of water and nutrients

c) Protein synthesis

d) Cellular respiration

Answer: b) Storage of water and nutrients

30. Which of the following is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with gastrointestinal infections?

a) Staphylococcus aureus

b) Escherichia coli

c) Streptococcus pyogenes

d) Bacillus subtilis

Answer: b) Escherichia coli

31. What is the primary mode of action of antifungal medications?

a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

b) Disruption of mitochondrial function

c) Inhibition of protein synthesis

d) Activation of viral replication

Answer: a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

32. Which of the following is an example of a viral vector used in gene therapy?

a) Adenovirus

b) Streptococcus

c) Escherichia coli

d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer: a) Adenovirus

33. What is the primary function of the pilus in bacterial cells?

a) Energy production

b) DNA replication

c) Attachment and conjugation

d) Protein synthesis

Answer: c) Attachment and conjugation

34. Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with food poisoning?

a) Escherichia coli

b) Clostridium botulinum

c) Salmonella enterica

d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer: b) Clostridium botulinum

35. What is the function of the mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells?

a) Protein synthesis

b) Cellular respiration and energy production

c) Storage of genetic material

d) Lipid synthesis

Answer: b) Cellular respiration and energy production

36. Which of the following is an example of a fungal infection affecting the lungs?

a) Candidiasis

b) Aspergillosis

c) Giardiasis

d) Malaria

Answer: b) Aspergillosis

37. What is the primary function of the chloroplast in plant cells?

a) Energy production

b) Protein synthesis

c) Photosynthesis

d) Cellular respiration

Answer: c) Photosynthesis

38. What is the primary function of endospores in bacterial cells?

a) Reproduction

b) Protection during harsh conditions

c) Energy production

d) Protein synthesis

Answer: b) Protection during harsh conditions

39. Which of the following is an example of a bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated water?

a) Tuberculosis

b) Lyme disease

c) Cholera

d) Influenza

Answer: c) Cholera

40. What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis B virus?

a) Airborne droplets

b) Bloodborne

c) Foodborne

d) Vector-borne

Answer: b) Bloodborne

41. Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with acne?

a) Propionibacterium acnes

b) Escherichia coli

c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

d) Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer: a) Propionibacterium acnes

42. What is the primary function of the peroxisome in eukaryotic cells?

a) Protein synthesis

b) Lipid synthesis

c) Detoxification and metabolism of hydrogen peroxide

d) Cellular respiration

Answer: c) Detoxification and metabolism of hydrogen peroxide

43. Which of the following is an example of a helminthic infection affecting the intestines?

a) Malaria

b) Schistosomiasis

c) Giardiasis

d) Toxoplasmosis

Answer: b) Schistosomiasis

44. What is the primary function of the cell membrane in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a) Energy production

b) Protection from environmental factors

c) Cellular respiration

d) Protein synthesis

Answer: b) Protection from environmental factors

45. Which of the following is an example of a bacterial infection commonly transmitted through respiratory droplets?

a) Tetanus

b) Tuberculosis

c) Malaria

d) Cholera

Answer: b) Tuberculosis

46. What is the primary mode of action of antiviral medications?

a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

b) Disruption of mitochondrial function

c) Inhibition of viral replication

d) Activation of immune response

Answer: c) Inhibition of viral replication

47. Which of the following is an example of a fungal infection affecting the nails?

a) Candidiasis

b) Ringworm

c) Aspergillosis

d) Malaria

Answer: b) Ringworm

48. What is the primary function of the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells?

a) Energy production

b) Protein synthesis

c) Storage of genetic material

d) Ribosome assembly

Answer: d) Ribosome assembly

49. Which of the following is an example of a Gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with respiratory infections?

a) Staphylococcus aureus

b) Escherichia coli

c) Haemophilus influenzae

d) Clostridium difficile

Answer: c) Haemophilus influenzae

50. What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

a) Energy production

b) Cell division

c) Structural support and cell movement

d) DNA replication

Answer: c) Structural support and cell movement

51. Which of the following is an example of a viral infection transmitted through sexual contact?

a) Hepatitis A

b) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

c) Influenza

d) Measles

Answer: b) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

52. What is the primary function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

a) Energy production

b) Protein synthesis

c) Cellular transport and secretion

d) DNA replication

Answer: c) Cellular transport and secretion

53. Which of the following is an example of a bacterial infection commonly transmitted through contaminated food?

a) Tetanus

b) Salmonella

c) Malaria

d) Cholera

Answer: b) Salmonella

54. What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

a) Energy production

b) Protection and structural support

c) Protein synthesis

d) Cellular respiration

Answer: b) Protection and structural support

55. Which of the following is an example of a protozoan parasite causing gastrointestinal illness?

a) Giardia lamblia

b) Candida albicans

c) Aspergillus fumigatus

d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer: a) Giardia lamblia

56. What is the primary function of the centrosome in eukaryotic cells?

a) Energy production

b) Cell division and organization of microtubules

c) Protein synthesis

d) DNA replication

Answer: b) Cell division and organization of microtubules

57. What is the primary function of the thylakoid membrane in plant cells?

a) Energy production

b) Cellular respiration

c) Photosynthesis

d) DNA replication

Answer: c) Photosynthesis

Microbiology MCQs

BioTechnology MCQs

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