Microbiology MCQs

1. Which of the following is not a domain of life? a) Eukarya b) Bacteria c) Archaea d) Fungi Answer: d) Fungi 2. What is the primary function of a bacterial capsule? a) Energy production b) Protection from desiccation c) Nutrient storage d) DNA replication Answer: b) Protection from desiccation 3. Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium? a) Escherichia coli b) Staphylococcus aureus c) Salmonella enterica d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Answer: b) Staphylococcus aureus 4. What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria? a) Retrovirus b) Bacteriophage c) Prion d) Viroid Answer: b) Bacteriophage 5. Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi? a) Unicellular prokaryotes b) Photosynthetic c) Chitin cell walls d) Lack of cell walls Answer: c) Chitin cell walls 6. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells? a) Protein synthesis b) Lipid synthesis c) Packaging and processing of proteins d) ATP production Answer: c) Packaging and processing of proteins 7. Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells? a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Mitochondrion d) Endoplasmic reticulum Answer: c) Mitochondrion 8. What is the primary mode of transmission for influenza virus? a) Direct contact b) Airborne droplets c) Foodborne d) Vector-borne Answer: b) Airborne droplets 9. Which of the following is a Gram-negative bacterium? a) Streptococcus pyogenes b) Bacillus subtilis c) Escherichia coli d) Clostridium difficile Answer: c) Escherichia coli 10. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells? a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) Lipid synthesis d) DNA replication Answer: b) Protein synthesis 11. Which of the following is a fungal infection? a) Tuberculosis b) Malaria c) Candidiasis d) Tetanus Answer: c) Candidiasis 12. What is the primary mode of action of antibiotics targeting bacterial cells? a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis b) Disruption of mitochondrial function c) Inhibition of protein synthesis d) Activation of viral replication Answer: a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis 13. Which of the following is an example of a protozoan parasite? a) Plasmodium falciparum b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis c) Streptococcus pneumoniae d) Escherichia coli Answer: a) Plasmodium falciparum 14. What is the primary function of the lysosome in eukaryotic cells? a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) Cellular digestion and waste removal d) DNA replication Answer: c) Cellular digestion and waste removal 15. Which of the following is a vector-borne disease? a) Tuberculosis b) Malaria c) Influenza d) Tetanus Answer: b) Malaria 16. What is the function of the ribosome in cells? a) Energy production b) Lipid synthesis c) Protein synthesis d) Cellular respiration Answer: c) Protein synthesis 17. Which of the following is an example of a viral disease? a) Tuberculosis b) Malaria c) Influenza d) Tetanus Answer: c) Influenza 18. What is the primary role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells? a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) Storage and regulation of genetic material d) Lipid synthesis Answer: c) Storage and regulation of genetic material 19. What is the primary function of the cell wall in bacteria? a) Regulation of cell shape b) Energy production c) Protection from osmotic stress d) Protein synthesis Answer: c) Protection from osmotic stress 20. Which of the following is an example of a helminthic infection? a) Giardiasis b) Toxoplasmosis c) Ascariasis d) Malaria Answer: c) Ascariasis 21. What is the function of the plasmid in bacterial cells? a) Cellular respiration b) Genetic exchange and antibiotic resistance c) Protein synthesis d) DNA replication Answer: b) Genetic exchange and antibiotic resistance 22. Which of the following is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with urinary tract infections? a) Streptococcus pyogenes b) Escherichia coli c) Bacillus subtilis d) Clostridium difficile Answer: b) Escherichia coli 23. What is the primary mode of transmission for Clostridium tetani? a) Direct contact b) Airborne droplets c) Foodborne d) Vector-borne Answer: a) Direct contact 24. Which of the following is an example of a fungal pathogen that affects the skin? a) Candida albicans b) Trichophyton rubrum c) Plasmodium falciparum d) Trypanosoma cruzi Answer: b) Trichophyton rubrum 25. What is the primary function of the flagellum in bacterial cells? a) Energy production b) Cellular respiration c) Motility d) DNA replication Answer: c) Motility 26. Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with pneumonia? a) Escherichia coli b) Streptococcus pneumoniae c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Answer: b) Streptococcus pneumoniae 27. What is the function of the cilia in eukaryotic cells? a) Cellular respiration b) Protein synthesis c) Motility and movement of substances d) Energy production Answer: c) Motility and movement of substances 28. Which of the following is an example of a bacterial toxin? a) Botulinum toxin b) Plasmodium toxin c) Trypanosome toxin d) Aspergillus toxin Answer: a) Botulinum toxin 29. What is the primary function of the vacuole in eukaryotic cells? a) Energy production b) Storage of water and nutrients c) Protein synthesis d) Cellular respiration Answer: b) Storage of water and nutrients 30. Which of the following is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with gastrointestinal infections? a) Staphylococcus aureus b) Escherichia coli c) Streptococcus pyogenes d) Bacillus subtilis Answer: b) Escherichia coli 31. What is the primary mode of action of antifungal medications? a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis b) Disruption of mitochondrial function c) Inhibition of protein synthesis d) Activation of viral replication Answer: a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis 32. Which of the following is an example of a viral vector used in gene therapy? a) Adenovirus b) Streptococcus c) Escherichia coli d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Answer: a) Adenovirus 33. What is the primary function of the pilus in bacterial cells? a) Energy production b) DNA replication c) Attachment and conjugation d) Protein synthesis Answer: c) Attachment and conjugation 34. Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with food poisoning? a) Escherichia coli b) Clostridium botulinum c) Salmonella enterica d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Answer: b) Clostridium botulinum 35. What is the function of the mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells? a) Protein synthesis b) Cellular respiration and energy production c) Storage of genetic material d) Lipid synthesis Answer: b) Cellular respiration and energy production 36. Which of the following is an example of a fungal infection affecting the lungs? a) Candidiasis b) Aspergillosis c) Giardiasis d) Malaria Answer: b) Aspergillosis 37. What is the primary function of the chloroplast in plant cells? a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) Photosynthesis d) Cellular respiration Answer: c) Photosynthesis 38. What is the primary function of endospores in bacterial cells? a) Reproduction b) Protection during harsh conditions c) Energy production d) Protein synthesis Answer: b) Protection during harsh conditions 39. Which of the following is an example of a bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated water? a) Tuberculosis b) Lyme disease c) Cholera d) Influenza Answer: c) Cholera 40. What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis B virus? a) Airborne droplets b) Bloodborne c) Foodborne d) Vector-borne Answer: b) Bloodborne 41. Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with acne? a) Propionibacterium acnes b) Escherichia coli c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa d) Streptococcus pyogenes Answer: a) Propionibacterium acnes 42. What is the primary function of the peroxisome in eukaryotic cells? a) Protein synthesis b) Lipid synthesis c) Detoxification and metabolism of hydrogen peroxide d) Cellular respiration Answer: c) Detoxification and metabolism of hydrogen peroxide 43. Which of the following is an example of a helminthic infection affecting the intestines? a) Malaria b) Schistosomiasis c) Giardiasis d) Toxoplasmosis Answer: b) Schistosomiasis 44. What is the primary function of the cell membrane in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a) Energy production b) Protection from environmental factors c) Cellular respiration d) Protein synthesis Answer: b) Protection from environmental factors 45. Which of the following is an example of a bacterial infection commonly transmitted through respiratory droplets? a) Tetanus b) Tuberculosis c) Malaria d) Cholera Answer: b) Tuberculosis 46. What is the primary mode of action of antiviral medications? a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis b) Disruption of mitochondrial function c) Inhibition of viral replication d) Activation of immune response Answer: c) Inhibition of viral replication 47. Which of the following is an example of a fungal infection affecting the nails? a) Candidiasis b) Ringworm c) Aspergillosis d) Malaria Answer: b) Ringworm 48. What is the primary function of the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells? a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) Storage of genetic material d) Ribosome assembly Answer: d) Ribosome assembly 49. Which of the following is an example of a Gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with respiratory infections? a) Staphylococcus aureus b) Escherichia coli c) Haemophilus influenzae d) Clostridium difficile Answer: c) Haemophilus influenzae 50. What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells? a) Energy production b) Cell division c) Structural support and cell movement d) DNA replication Answer: c) Structural support and cell movement 51. Which of the following is an example of a viral infection transmitted through sexual contact? a) Hepatitis A b) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) c) Influenza d) Measles Answer: b) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 52. What is the primary function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells? a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) Cellular transport and secretion d) DNA replication Answer: c) Cellular transport and secretion 53. Which of the following is an example of a bacterial infection commonly transmitted through contaminated food? a) Tetanus b) Salmonella c) Malaria d) Cholera Answer: b) Salmonella 54. What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells? a) Energy production b) Protection and structural support c) Protein synthesis d) Cellular respiration Answer: b) Protection and structural support 55. Which of the following is an example of a protozoan parasite causing gastrointestinal illness? a) Giardia lamblia b) Candida albicans c) Aspergillus fumigatus d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Answer: a) Giardia lamblia 56. What is the primary function of the centrosome in eukaryotic cells? a) Energy production b) Cell division and organization of microtubules c) Protein synthesis d) DNA replication Answer: b) Cell division and organization of microtubules 57. What is the primary function of the thylakoid membrane in plant cells? a) Energy production b) Cellular respiration c) Photosynthesis d) DNA replication Answer: c) Photosynthesis

Microbiology MCQs

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