- Who was the first President of Panama?
A. José Domingo Espinar
B. Arnulfo Arias
C. Manuel Amador Guerrero
D. Omar Torrijos - Which Panamanian leader signed the Torrijos-Carter Treaties with the United States?
A. Omar Torrijos
B. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
C. Ricardo Martinelli
D. Martín Torrijos - Who was President of Panama during the construction of the Panama Canal?
A. Ricardo Martinelli
B. Omar Torrijos
C. Manuel Amador Guerrero
D. Juan Demóstenes Arosemena - Which Panamanian President was overthrown three times in coups?
A. Guillermo Endara
B. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
C. Arnulfo Arias
D. Omar Torrijos - Who was the first democratically elected President of Panama after the U.S. invasion in 1989?
A. Guillermo Endara
B. Mireya Moscoso
C. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
D. Martín Torrijos - Which Panamanian President was in power when Panama regained control of the Panama Canal in 1999?
A. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
B. Mireya Moscoso
C. Ricardo Martinelli
D. Martín Torrijos - Who was the Panamanian President involved in a financial scandal in 2015?
A. Guillermo Endara
B. Mireya Moscoso
C. Ricardo Martinelli
D. Juan Carlos Varela - Who was the first female President of Panama?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Balbina Herrera
C. Lorena Castillo
D. Isabel Saint Malo - Which Panamanian leader established the National Guard, consolidating military power in the country?
A. Guillermo Endara
B. Ricardo Martinelli
C. Omar Torrijos
D. Ernesto Pérez Balladares - Which President of Panama succeeded Omar Torrijos after his death in 1981?
A. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
B. Mireya Moscoso
C. Manuel Noriega
D. Guillermo Endara - Who was the President of Panama when the U.S. invaded in 1989 to remove Manuel Noriega from power?
A. Ricardo Martinelli
B. Omar Torrijos
C. Guillermo Endara
D. Ernesto Pérez Balladares - Which Panamanian President initiated a referendum to reform the country’s Constitution in 2006?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Omar Torrijos
C. Martín Torrijos
D. Ricardo Martinelli - Who served as President of Panama from 2009 to 2014?
A. Martín Torrijos
B. Mireya Moscoso
C. Ricardo Martinelli
D. Juan Carlos Varela - Which Panamanian leader focused on expanding the Panama Canal?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Ricardo Martinelli
C. Omar Torrijos
D. Guillermo Endara - Who became the President of Panama in 2014, succeeding Ricardo Martinelli?
A. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
B. Juan Carlos Varela
C. Mireya Moscoso
D. Martín Torrijos - Who was President of Panama during the 2016 Panama Papers scandal?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Juan Carlos Varela
C. Omar Torrijos
D. Guillermo Endara - Which Panamanian leader had the longest uninterrupted term as President?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Omar Torrijos
C. Ricardo Martinelli
D. Arnulfo Arias - Which Panamanian leader was involved in reestablishing diplomatic relations with China in 2017?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
C. Juan Carlos Varela
D. Martín Torrijos - Who was President of Panama before the construction of the Panama Canal started?
A. Manuel Amador Guerrero
B. José Domingo Espinar
C. Guillermo Endara
D. Arnulfo Arias - Which Panamanian leader advocated for land reform and redistribution during his term?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Guillermo Endara
C. Omar Torrijos
D. Martín Torrijos - Who served as President of Panama from 1994 to 1999?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
C. Juan Carlos Varela
D. Omar Torrijos - Which Panamanian leader had a key role in negotiating the Panama Canal Treaties with the U.S.?
A. Guillermo Endara
B. Omar Torrijos
C. Ricardo Martinelli
D. Juan Carlos Varela - Who served as the President of Panama from 2019 onwards?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Juan Carlos Varela
C. Laurentino Cortizo
D. Ernesto Pérez Balladares - Which President of Panama helped modernize and improve the country’s banking system?
A. Guillermo Endara
B. Ricardo Martinelli
C. Omar Torrijos
D. Martín Torrijos - Which President of Panama is the son of former military leader Omar Torrijos?
A. Guillermo Endara
B. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
C. Martín Torrijos
D. Juan Carlos Varela - Who was the President of Panama when the Panama Canal expansion was completed in 2016?
A. Juan Carlos Varela
B. Ricardo Martinelli
C. Mireya Moscoso
D. Ernesto Pérez Balladares - Who was the President of Panama when the country joined the World Trade Organization in 1997?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
C. Martín Torrijos
D. Guillermo Endara - Which President of Panama was instrumental in making Panama a regional financial hub?
A. Ricardo Martinelli
B. Omar Torrijos
C. Guillermo Endara
D. Juan Carlos Varela - Who became Panama’s President after the general elections of 2019?
A. Mireya Moscoso
B. Laurentino Cortizo
C. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
D. Juan Carlos Varela - Which Panamanian leader was known for focusing on anti-corruption measures during his term?
A. Juan Carlos Varela
B. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
C. Mireya Moscoso
D. Ricardo Martinelli
| President | Term(s) in Office | Key Achievements/Events |
| Manuel Amador Guerrero | 1904–1908 | First President of Panama, oversaw early development of the Panama Canal. |
| José Domingo de Obaldía | 1908–1910 | Continued canal construction; died in office. |
| Belisario Porras | 1912–1916, 1918–1920, 1920–1924 | Initiated infrastructure and social reforms; longest-serving President. |
| Arnulfo Arias | 1940–1941, 1949–1951, 1968 | Overthrown three times in coups; nationalist policies. |
| Omar Torrijos | 1968–1981 | Military ruler; negotiated Torrijos-Carter Treaties, returning the Panama Canal to Panama. |
| Manuel Noriega | 1983–1989 (de facto) | Military leader; overthrown by U.S. invasion in 1989. |
| Guillermo Endara | 1989–1994 | First democratically elected President after U.S. invasion. |
| Ernesto Pérez Balladares | 1994–1999 | Economic reforms; joined World Trade Organization. |
| Mireya Moscoso | 1999–2004 | First female President; oversaw Panama Canal transition to full Panamanian control. |
| Martín Torrijos | 2004–2009 | Focused on canal expansion and economic reforms; son of Omar Torrijos. |
| Ricardo Martinelli | 2009–2014 | Oversaw Panama Canal expansion; accused of corruption. |
| Juan Carlos Varela | 2014–2019 | Focused on anti-corruption and social welfare reforms. |
| Laurentino Cortizo | 2019–present | Current President; focusing on economic recovery and social development. |