inferential statistics

1. What does a p-value of 0.03 indicate in hypothesis testing?
A. There is a 3% chance of making a Type I error
B. There is a 3% chance of making a Type II error
C. There is a 3% chance of rejecting the null hypothesis incorrectly
D. There is a 3% chance of accepting the null hypothesis incorrectly
Answer: C

2. Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing the means of two independent groups?
A. Paired t-test
B. Chi-square test
C. One-way ANOVA
D. Independent samples t-test
Answer: D

3. What does a confidence interval of 95% represent?
A. There is a 5% chance that the null hypothesis is true
B. There is a 5% chance that the alternative hypothesis is true
C. There is a 95% chance that the true population parameter lies within the interval
D. There is a 95% chance that the sample mean is accurate
Answer: C

4. Which of the following measures assesses the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two continuous variables?
A. Phi coefficient
B. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
C. Pearson correlation coefficient
D. Kendall’s tau
Answer: C

5. In a normal distribution, what percentage of the data falls within ±1 standard deviation of the mean?
A. 34%
B. 68%
C. 95%
D. 99.7%
Answer: B

6. Which of the following assumptions must be met for conducting a linear regression analysis?
A. Normality of residuals
B. Homoscedasticity
C. Independence of observations
D. All of the above
Answer: D

7. Which inferential statistic is used to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables?
A. Regression analysis
B. Chi-square test
C. ANOVA
D. T-test
Answer: B

8. What is the purpose of the F-test in ANOVA?
A. To test the significance of the overall model
B. To compare the means of more than two independent groups
C. To test for homogeneity of variances
D. To assess the strength of association between variables
Answer: A

9. When conducting a hypothesis test, the null hypothesis is rejected if the p-value is:
A. Less than 0.05
B. Greater than 0.05
C. Exactly 0.05
D. Less than 0.01
Answer: A

10. Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Standard deviation
Answer: D

11. Which type of error occurs when a true null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected?
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Sampling error
D. Measurement error
Answer: A

12. Which of the following statements about skewness and kurtosis is true?
A. Skewness measures the degree of symmetry, while kurtosis measures the peakedness of a distribution.
B. Skewness and kurtosis both measure the spread of data around the mean.
C. Skewness and kurtosis are only relevant for normal distributions.
D. Skewness and kurtosis are measures of central tendency.
Answer: A

13. Which statistical test is used to compare the means of three or more independent groups?
A. Independent samples t-test
B. Paired t-test
C. One-way ANOVA
D. Chi-square test
Answer: C

14. A researcher wants to determine if there is a relationship between gender (male vs. female) and voting preference (candidate A vs. candidate B). Which statistical test should be used?
A. Chi-square test
B. Independent samples t-test
C. Pearson correlation
D. Paired t-test
Answer: A

15. What is the purpose of a power analysis in inferential statistics?
A. To determine the appropriate sample size for a study
B. To calculate effect sizes
C. To assess the accuracy of the results
D. To interpret confidence intervals
Answer: A

inferential statistics

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