Hydro power MCQs ) December 23, 2025July 12, 2024 by u930973931_answers 50 min Score: 0 Attempted: 0/50 Subscribe 1. What is the primary source of energy in hydroelectric power generation? (A) Wind (B) Solar (C) Water (D) Biomass 2. Which of the following is NOT a type of hydroelectric power plant? (A) Run-of-river (B) Tidal (C) Geothermal (D) Pumped storage 3. What is the typical efficiency range of modern hydroelectric power plants? (A) 20-30% (B) 40-50% (C) 60-70% (D) 80-90% 4. The term “head” in hydroelectric power refers to: (A) The pressure of water at the turbine inlet (B) The distance water falls from the reservoir to the turbine (C) The speed of water flow in the penstock (D) The volume of water passing through the turbine per second 5. Which country is the largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world? (A) China (B) United States (C) Brazil (D) Canada 6. What is the purpose of a penstock in a hydroelectric power plant? (A) To regulate water flow (B) To store excess electricity (C) To cool down the turbines (D) To direct water to the turbines 7. Which type of hydroelectric power plant operates with the smallest reservoir? (A) Storage plant (B) Run-of-river plant (C) Pumped storage plant (D) Tidal power plant 8. Which of the following is a disadvantage of large-scale hydroelectric power projects? (A) Low initial construction costs (B) Greenhouse gas emissions (C) Minimal environmental impact (D) Dependence on weather conditions 9. The process of converting the energy of flowing water into electrical energy is known as: (A) Hydrogenation (B) Hydrolysis (C) Hydroelectricity (D) Hydrothermal conversion 10. Which environmental impact is often associated with the construction of large dams for hydroelectric projects? (A) Increased biodiversity (B) Reduced sedimentation downstream (C) Displacement of communities (D) Decreased river flow variability 11. Which component of a hydroelectric power plant converts mechanical energy into electrical energy? (A) Turbine (B) Penstock (C) Reservoir (D) Generator 12. What is the role of the spillway in a hydroelectric dam? (A) To control water flow (B) To store excess electricity (C) To regulate turbine speed (D) To cool down the turbines 13. Which type of hydroelectric plant can provide energy storage capabilities? (A) Run-of-river (B) Storage plant (C) Pumped storage plant (D) Tidal power plant 14. The primary advantage of run-of-river hydroelectric plants is: (A) Minimal environmental impact (B) Ability to store large amounts of water (C) High efficiency in electricity generation (D) Low initial construction costs 15. Which environmental concern is associated with the operation of hydroelectric dams? (A) Increased air pollution (B) Disruption of fish migration (C) Groundwater contamination (D) Noise pollution 16. Which of the following is a renewable energy source used in hydroelectric power generation? (A) Natural gas (B) Coal (C) Petroleum (D) Water 17. What is the main advantage of pumped storage hydroelectric plants? (A) High initial construction costs (B) Ability to store excess electricity (C) Low efficiency in electricity generation (D) Dependence on water flow 18. Which type of hydroelectric power plant uses the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun? (A) Run-of-river (B) Tidal (C) Pumped storage (D) Storage plant 19. Which country generates a significant portion of its electricity from small-scale hydroelectric projects? (A) India (B) Germany (C) Australia (D) Saudi Arabia 20. The term “micro-hydro” typically refers to hydroelectric systems that generate less than: (A) 1 kW (B) 10 kW (C) 100 kW (D) 1000 kW 21. What is the primary advantage of tidal power over other forms of renewable energy? (A) Predictable energy output (B) Low initial construction costs (C) Minimal environmental impact (D) Ability to operate in any weather condition 22. Which of the following is a potential environmental impact of tidal power generation? (A) Disruption of marine ecosystems (B) Reduced sedimentation downstream (C) Increase in fish migration (D) Improvement in water quality 23. The term “run-of-river” in hydroelectric power generation refers to: (A) A dam-less plant where water flows through without storage (B) A plant with a large reservoir for water storage (C) A plant that uses tidal energy (D) A plant using geothermal energy 24. Which renewable energy source is often integrated with hydroelectric power for combined generation? (A) Wind (B) Solar (C) Biomass (D) Geothermal 25. Which of the following is a significant limitation of tidal power technology? (A) High operational costs (B) Limited geographical availability (C) Large-scale environmental impact (D) Dependency on water flow 26. Which country is known for having extensive use of small-scale hydroelectric plants in rural areas? (A) China (B) Brazil (C) Sweden (D) Nepal 27. The term “capacity factor” in hydroelectric power refers to: (A) The efficiency of electricity transmission (B) The ratio of actual electricity generated to potential generation (C) The cost of electricity production (D) The size of the reservoir 28. Which type of hydroelectric plant can operate in reverse to pump water uphill for storage? (A) Run-of-river (B) Tidal (C) Pumped storage (D) Storage plant 29. Which component of a hydroelectric power plant controls the flow of water to the turbines? (A) Generator (B) Spillway (C) Penstock (D) Turbine 30. Which of the following is a benefit of small-scale hydroelectric plants? (A) High environmental impact (B) Dependence on large reservoirs (C) Low initial investment (D) Limited energy output 31. The concept of “tidal barrage” refers to: (A) A structure built across a river to generate electricity (B) A dam constructed for flood control (C) A barrier across an estuary to capture tidal energy (D) A reservoir used for pumped storage 32. What is the primary environmental concern associated with the construction of large dams for hydroelectric power? (A) Noise pollution (B) Greenhouse gas emissions (C) Disruption of ecosystems (D) Groundwater contamination 33. Which of the following is a potential benefit of hydroelectric power in terms of energy storage? (A) Ability to store excess electricity for long periods (B) High efficiency in energy conversion (C) Low cost of infrastructure (D) Minimal impact on aquatic life 34. The term “headrace” in hydroelectric power refers to: (A) The channel bringing water to the turbine (B) The point where water leaves the turbine (C) The area where water is stored (D) The location of the generator 35. Which type of hydroelectric plant uses the natural flow of a river to generate electricity? (A) Storage plant (B) Run-of-river plant (C) Pumped storage plant (D) Tidal power plant 36. The primary function of a surge tank in a hydroelectric power plant is to: (A) Regulate water flow (B) Store excess electricity (C) Cool down the turbines (D) Prevent water hammer effects 37. Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of tidal power generation? (A) High predictability of tidal patterns (B) Limited impact on marine ecosystems (C) Dependency on geographical location (D) Low initial construction costs 38. Which renewable energy source is most suitable for regions with abundant rivers and streams? (A) Solar (B) Wind (C) Geothermal (D) Hydroelectric 39. The concept of “head” in hydroelectric power is analogous to which concept in solar power? (A) Panel efficiency (B) Insolation (C) Angle of incidence (D) Cloud cover 40. Which of the following is an example of an environmental benefit associated with small-scale hydroelectric plants? (A) Increased air pollution (B) Preservation of river ecosystems (C) Enhanced sedimentation downstream (D) Disruption of fish migration 41. Which country is known for its extensive use of pumped storage hydroelectric plants to balance grid electricity? (A) Norway (B) China (C) United States (D) Australia 42. The term “low-head” hydroelectric plant typically refers to a plant with a head of: (A) Less than 10 meters (B) Less than 50 meters (C) Less than 100 meters (D) Less than 500 meters 43. Which of the following is a significant advantage of tidal power generation? (A) Low predictability of tidal patterns (B) High operational costs (C) Large-scale environmental impact (D) Predictable energy output 44. Which component of a hydroelectric power plant converts water pressure into rotational mechanical energy? (A) Penstock (B) Turbine (C) Generator (D) Reservoir 45. Which renewable energy source can directly harness the gravitational potential energy of water? (A) Biomass (B) Wind (C) Hydroelectric (D) Solar 46. Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of small-scale hydroelectric plants? (A) High initial construction costs (B) Dependence on large reservoirs (C) Environmental impact on aquatic life (D) Limited energy output 47. The term “fish ladder” in hydroelectric power refers to: (A) A channel for diverting water (B) A structure to regulate water flow (C) A passage for fish to bypass dams (D) A barrier to prevent erosion 48. Which environmental impact is commonly associated with the operation of large dams for hydroelectric projects? (A) Increased biodiversity (B) Enhanced fish migration (C) Changes in river flow patterns (D) Reduction in sediment deposition 49. The process of converting kinetic energy of water into electricity in a hydroelectric plant involves: (A) A turbine and generator (B) A penstock and spillway (C) A reservoir and turbine (D) A generator and penstock 50. Which type of hydroelectric power plant can operate independently of tidal patterns? (A) Tidal (B) Run-of-river (C) Pumped storage (D) Storage plant