1. The unit of electric charge is:
A) Volt
B) Coulomb
C) Ampere
D) Ohm
Answer: B

2. Coulomb’s Law describes the force between:
A) Two masses
B) Two electric charges
C) A charge and a magnetic field
D) A current and a magnetic field
Answer: B

3. The electric field inside a conductor is:
A) Always zero
B) Always non-zero
C) Can be zero or non-zero
D) Depends on the shape of the conductor
Answer: A

4. The electric potential at a point is:
A) Scalar quantity
B) Vector quantity
C) Both scalar and vector quantity
D) None of the above
Answer: A

5. The potential difference between two points in an electric field is the work done to move a unit:
A) Mass from one point to the other
B) Charge from one point to the other
C) Current from one point to the other
D) Voltage from one point to the other
Answer: B

6. Ohm’s Law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the:
A) Electric field
B) Potential difference
C) Resistance
D) Temperature
Answer: B

7. The unit of resistance is:
A) Volt
B) Coulomb
C) Ampere
D) Ohm
Answer: D

8. A device used to store electric charge is called a:
A) Resistor
B) Capacitor
C) Inductor
D) Transformer
Answer: B

9. The equivalent resistance of two resistors, $R_1$ and $R_2$ , in series is:
A) $R_1 + R_2$
B) $R1×R2R_1 \times R_2$
C) $R_1 + R_2$
D) $1R1+1R2\frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2}$
Answer: C

10. In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each resistor is:
A) The same
B) Different
C) Zero
D) Infinity
Answer: A

11. The unit of magnetic field strength is:
A) Tesla
B) Newton
C) Joule
D) Coulomb
Answer: A

12. The force on a moving charge in a magnetic field is maximum when the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field is:
A) 0°
B) 45°
C) 90°
D) 180°
Answer: C

13. A magnetic field line forms a closed loop because:
A) Magnetic monopoles exist
B) Magnetic field lines originate from positive charges
C) Magnetic field lines originate from north poles and terminate at south poles
D) Magnetic field lines are closed loops and do not have a beginning or end
Answer: D

14. The right-hand rule is used to determine the direction of:
A) Electric field
B) Electric current
C) Magnetic field
D) Force on a moving charge
Answer: D

15. The magnetic flux through a surface is maximum when the magnetic field is:
A) Parallel to the surface
B) Perpendicular to the surface
C) At 45° to the surface
D) Zero
Answer: B

16. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction states that the induced emf in a circuit is proportional to:
A) The change in magnetic flux
B) The area of the circuit
C) The resistance of the circuit
D) The length of the conductor
Answer: A

17. Lenz’s Law is a consequence of the conservation of:
A) Mass
B) Energy
C) Charge
D) Momentum
Answer: B

18. The self-inductance of a coil depends on:
A) Number of turns in the coil
B) Cross-sectional area of the coil
C) Length of the coil
D) All of the above
Answer: D

19. The unit of inductance is:
A) Farad
B) Henry
C) Tesla
D) Weber
Answer: B

20. Mutual inductance between two coils depends on:
A) The current in the primary coil
B) The current in the secondary coil
C) The relative orientation of the coils
D) The resistance of the coils
Answer: C

21. Electromagnetic waves are produced by:
A) Static charges
B) Accelerating charges
C) Magnetic monopoles
D) Stationary magnetic fields
Answer: B

22. The speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is:
A) $\times 10^6$ m/s
B) $\times 10^7$ m/s
C) $\times 10^8$ m/s
D) $\times 10^9$ m/s
Answer: C

23. Which of the following has the longest wavelength?
A) X-rays
B) Ultraviolet rays
C) Infrared rays
D) Radio waves
Answer: D

24. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is inversely proportional to its:
A) Wavelength
B) Speed
C) Intensity
D) Amplitude
Answer: A

25. The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its:
A) Wavelength
B) Frequency
C) Speed
D) Amplitude
Answer: B

26. The capacitance of a capacitor is defined as the ratio of:
A) Charge to voltage
B) Voltage to charge
C) Charge to current
D) Voltage to current
Answer: A

27. The unit of capacitance is:
A) Henry
B) Farad
C) Coulomb
D) Ohm
Answer: B

28. The dielectric constant of a material is always:
A) Greater than 1
B) Less than 1
C) Equal to 1
D) Less than 0
Answer: A

29. Inserting a dielectric material between the plates of a capacitor:
A) Increases the capacitance
B) Decreases the capacitance
C) Has no effect on the capacitance
D) Decreases the stored charge
Answer: A

30. The energy stored in a capacitor is given by:
A) $12CV2\frac{1}{2} C V^2$
B) $C V$
C) $12CV2\frac{1}{2} C V^2$
D) $C V^2$
Answer: A

31. The direction of the electric field around a positive charge is:
A) Radially inward
B) Radially outward
C) Tangential to the charge
D) Circular around the charge
Answer: B

32. The magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor forms:
A) Radial lines
B) Concentric circles
C) Straight lines
D) Elliptical paths
Answer: B

33. The Biot-Savart law is used to calculate:
A) Electric fields due to point charges
B) Magnetic fields due to current elements
C) Potential difference in a circuit
D) Resistance of a conductor
Answer: B

34. Gauss’s Law for electricity states that the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the:
A) Charge enclosed by the surface
B) Surface area
C) Volume enclosed by the surface
D) Electric field intensity
Answer: A

35. Ampere’s Law relates the magnetic field around a closed loop to the:
A) Electric field through the loop
B) Voltage across the loop
C) Current passing through the loop
D) Charge density in the loop
Answer: C

36. In an AC circuit, the current and voltage are:
A) Always in phase
B) Always out of phase
C) May or may not be in phase
D) Zero
Answer: C

37. The impedance of an AC circuit containing only a resistor is:
A) Zero
B) Equal to the resistance
C) Infinite
D) Equal to the inductance
Answer: B

38. The unit of impedance is:
A) Ohm
B) Farad
C) Henry
D) Coulomb
Answer: A

39. In an RLC circuit, resonance occurs when the inductive reactance is:
A) Greater than the capacitive reactance
B) Equal to the capacitive reactance
C) Less than the capacitive reactance
D) Zero
Answer: B

40. The power factor of an AC circuit is the ratio of:
A) Apparent power to real power
B) Real power to apparent power
C) Reactive power to apparent power
D) Real power to reactive power
Answer: B

41. The wavelength of a microwave is:
A) Longer than that of infrared waves
B) Shorter than that of infrared waves
C) Equal to that of visible light
D) Shorter than that of X-rays
Answer: A

42. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave is a property of its:
A) Wavelength
B) Frequency
C) Electric field
D) Magnetic field
Answer: C

43. The time period of an alternating current (AC) is the reciprocal of its:
A) Frequency
B) Wavelength
C) Amplitude
D) Phase
Answer: A

44. The phase difference between the voltage and current in a purely resistive AC circuit is:
A) 0°
B) 90°
C) 180°
D) 45°
Answer: A

45. The magnetic field inside a solenoid is:
A) Uniform and parallel to the axis
B) Uniform and perpendicular to the axis
C) Zero
D) Varies inversely with the length of the solenoid
Answer: A

46. The electromagnetic spectrum is arranged in increasing order of:
A) Wavelength
B) Frequency
C) Energy
D) Speed
Answer: A

47. In an AC circuit with both resistive and capacitive components, the current lags the voltage by an angle that depends on:
A) The resistance
B) The capacitance
C) The frequency
D) The phase angle
Answer: D

48. A transformer operates on the principle of:
A) Mutual induction
B) Self-induction
C) Faraday’s Law
D) Lenz’s Law
Answer: A

49. The efficiency of a transformer is defined as the ratio of:
A) Power output to power input
B) Power input to power output
C) Voltage ratio to current ratio
D) Magnetic flux to electric flux
Answer: A

50. The magnetic field at the center of a current-carrying loop is:
A) Zero
B) Maximum
C) Minimum
D) Inversely proportional to the radius
Answer: B

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