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1. Which law describes the relationship between electric charges and the electric field they produce?
A) Ohm’s Law
B) Coulomb’s Law
C) Ampère’s Law
D) Faraday’s Law
Answer: B
2. What is the SI unit of electric flux?
A) Volt
B) Tesla
C) Weber
D) Newton
Answer: C
3. Which electromagnetic wave has the longest wavelength?
A) X-rays
B) Microwaves
C) Radio waves
D) Gamma rays
Answer: C
4. According to Maxwell’s equations, what is the relationship between electric fields and changing magnetic fields?
A) ∇ ⋅ E = ρ / ε₀
B) ∇ × E = -∂B/∂t
C) ∇ ⋅ B = 0
D) ∇ × B = μ₀J
Answer: B
5. In a vacuum, what is the speed of electromagnetic waves?
A) 3 × 10^5 m/s
B) 3 × 10^7 m/s
C) 3 × 10^8 m/s
D) 3 × 10^10 m/s
Answer: C
6. What property of a material determines how much it resists the flow of electric current?
A) Conductivity
B) Permittivity
C) Resistivity
D) Susceptibility
Answer: C
7. Which of the following is a vector quantity in electromagnetic theory?
A) Electric potential
B) Electric flux density
C) Electric charge
D) Electric field intensity
Answer: D
8. What is the SI unit of magnetic flux density?
A) Weber
B) Tesla
C) Gauss
D) Henry
Answer: B
9. Which law states that the induced electromotive force (EMF) in any closed circuit is equal to the negative rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit?
A) Lenz’s Law
B) Ohm’s Law
C) Faraday’s Law
D) Gauss’s Law
Answer: C
10. The phenomenon where an electric current is induced due to a change in magnetic field is known as:
A) Electromagnetic interference
B) Inductance
C) Faraday’s Law
D) Ohm’s Law
Answer: C
11. Which type of electromagnetic wave is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
A) X-rays
B) Gamma rays
C) Infrared radiation
D) Radio waves
Answer: D
12. What does the term “permittivity” describe in the context of electromagnetic fields?
A) The ability of a material to conduct electricity
B) The property of a material that determines how much electric flux can pass through it
C) The ability of a material to sustain a magnetic field
D) The property of a material that determines how much electric field can be generated in it
Answer: B
13. Which statement best describes the behavior of electric field lines around a positive point charge?
A) They radiate inward toward the charge.
B) They radiate outward away from the charge.
C) They form closed loops around the charge.
D) They do not exist around a point charge.
Answer: B
14. According to Gauss’s Law for electricity, the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the:
A) Electric potential at a point within the surface
B) Charge enclosed within the surface
C) Electric field strength at a point within the surface
D) Magnetic field strength at a point within the surface
Answer: B
15. What is the relationship between the wavelength (λ) and frequency (f) of an electromagnetic wave?
A) λ = f
B) λ = c / f
C) f = λc
D) f = cλ
Answer: B
16. Which law relates the circulation of a magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop?
A) Faraday’s Law
B) Gauss’s Law for Magnetism
C) Ampère’s Law
D) Lenz’s Law
Answer: C
17. What is the term for the property of a material to be magnetized when placed in an external magnetic field and to retain some of that magnetization after the field is removed?
A) Conductivity
B) Permeability
C) Retentivity
D) Susceptibility
Answer: C
18. Which type of electromagnetic wave has the highest energy?
A) Radio waves
B) Ultraviolet rays
C) Infrared radiation
D) Microwaves
Answer: B
19. In an AC circuit, what is the phase difference between the voltage and current in a purely resistive load?
A) 0°
B) 45°
C) 90°
D) 180°
Answer: A
20. What phenomenon is responsible for the appearance of colors in thin films and soap bubbles?
A) Interference
B) Diffraction
C) Polarization
D) Refraction
Answer: A
21. Which material would exhibit the highest permeability?
A) Air
B) Aluminum
C) Iron
D) Copper
Answer: C
22. Which of these devices operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction?
A) Light Emitting Diode (LED)
B) Solar panel
C) Transformer
D) Capacitor
Answer: C
23. What is the direction of propagation of an electromagnetic wave relative to the direction of the electric and magnetic fields?
A) Parallel
B) Perpendicular
C) Opposite
D) Diagonal
Answer: B
24. What is the relationship between the wavelength and the speed of light (c) in a vacuum?
A) λ = c
B) λ = c / ν
C) λ = ν / c
D) λ = cν
Answer: B
25. Which law relates the force experienced by a charge moving in a magnetic field?
A) Ohm’s Law
B) Coulomb’s Law
C) Lorentz Force Law
D) Ampère’s Law
Answer: C
26. What is the SI unit of electric potential?
A) Volt
B) Ohm
C) Coulomb
D) Ampere
Answer: A
27. What type of electromagnetic wave is used in radar systems?
A) Gamma rays
B) Infrared radiation
C) Radio waves
D) Ultraviolet rays
Answer: C
28. Which law states that the magnetic field induced by a current-carrying conductor forms concentric circles around the conductor?
A) Gauss’s Law
B) Ampère’s Law
C) Ohm’s Law
D) Biot-Savart Law
Answer: D
29. Which material would have the highest conductivity?
A) Copper
B) Glass
C) Rubber
D) Wood
Answer: A
30. What happens to the resistance of a conductor when its temperature increases?
A) Decreases
B) Increases
C) Remains constant
D) Depends on the material
Answer: B
31. Which of the following is an example of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation?
A) X-rays
B) Gamma rays
C) Ultraviolet rays
D) Radio waves
Answer: D
32. What is the principle behind the operation of an electric generator?
A) Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
B) Ampère’s Law
C) Gauss’s Law for Magnetism
D) Ohm’s Law
Answer: A
33. What type of material would experience the strongest repulsion in the presence of a strong magnetic field?
A) Diamagnetic
B) Paramagnetic
C) Ferromagnetic
D) Non-magnetic
Answer: A
34. In which direction do electric field lines point relative to the direction of electric potential?
A) In the direction of increasing potential
B) In the direction of decreasing potential
C) Electric field lines do not relate to electric potential
D) Electric field lines are perpendicular to electric potential
Answer: B
35. What happens to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves as they pass from air into water?
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Remains constant
D) Depends on the frequency
Answer: B
36. What is the principle behind the operation of an antenna?
A) Reflection of electromagnetic waves
B) Refraction of electromagnetic waves
C) Diffraction of electromagnetic waves
D) Transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves
Answer: D
37. What is the term for the phenomenon where certain materials emit light when subjected to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation?
A) Fluorescence
B) Phosphorescence
C) Bioluminescence
D) Incandescence
Answer: A
38. Which of the following is a scalar quantity in electromagnetic theory?
A) Electric field intensity
B) Magnetic flux density
C) Electric current density
D) Electric potential
Answer: D
39. What is the SI unit of magnetic flux?
A) Weber
B) Tesla
C) Gauss
D) Henry
Answer: A
40. What type of material would experience the strongest attraction in the presence of a strong magnetic field?
A) Diamagnetic
B) Paramagnetic
C) Ferromagnetic
D) Non-magnetic
Answer: C
41. Which of the following materials has the highest resistivity?
A) Copper
B) Silver
C) Aluminum
D) Glass
Answer: D
42. What is the direction of the magnetic field inside a long straight current-carrying conductor?
A) Towards the current
B) Away from the current
C) Along the axis of the conductor
D) Perpendicular to the current
Answer: C
43. Which phenomenon is responsible for the rainbow-like patterns observed when light passes through a diffraction grating?
A) Reflection
B) Refraction
C) Diffraction
D) Polarization
Answer: C
44. What does the term “susceptibility” refer to in the context of magnetic materials?
A) The ability of a material to retain magnetization
B) The ease with which a material can be magnetized
C) The ability of a material to conduct electricity
D) The ability of a material to generate magnetic flux
Answer: B
45. Which of the following electromagnetic waves is used in communication via optical fibers?
A) Radio waves
B) Infrared radiation
C) Ultraviolet rays
D) Microwaves
Answer: B
46. What is the term for the phenomenon where light waves oscillate in a single plane?
A) Polarization
B) Diffraction
C) Interference
D) Dispersion
Answer: A
47. In which direction do magnetic field lines point relative to the direction of magnetic potential?
A) In the direction of increasing potential
B) In the direction of decreasing potential
C) Magnetic field lines do not relate to magnetic potential
D) Magnetic field lines are perpendicular to magnetic potential
Answer: D
48. What is the principle behind the operation of a capacitor?
A) Storage of electric charge
B) Conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy
C) Conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy
D) Amplification of electrical signals
Answer: A
49. Which electromagnetic wave has the highest penetration capability through biological tissues?
A) X-rays
B) Ultraviolet rays
C) Infrared radiation
D) Radio waves
Answer: D
50. Which of the following statements correctly describes the behavior of magnetic field lines around a current-carrying conductor?
A) They radiate inward toward the conductor.
B) They radiate outward away from the conductor.
C) They form closed loops around the conductor.
D) They do not exist around a current-carrying conductor.
Answer: C
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