1. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a) Nucleus

b) Mitochondria

c) Ribosomes

d) Golgi apparatus

Answer: c) Ribosomes

2. What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

a) Protein synthesis

b) ATP production

c) Lipid synthesis

d) DNA replication

Answer: b) ATP production

3. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

a) Mitochondria

b) Chloroplast

c) Ribosome

d) Golgi apparatus

Answer: b) Chloroplast

4. What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

a) Protein synthesis

b) Lipid synthesis

c) DNA replication

d) Energy production

Answer: b) Lipid synthesis

5. Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?

a) Cytoplasm

b) Cell membrane

c) Nucleus

d) Mitochondria

Answer: c) Nucleus

6. What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

a) ATP production

b) Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins

c) DNA synthesis

d) Protein synthesis

Answer: b) Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins

7. Which structure regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell?

a) Nucleus

b) Ribosome

c) Cell membrane

d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: c) Cell membrane

8. What is the function of lysosomes?

a) Protein synthesis

b) Energy production

c) Digestion of macromolecules

d) Photosynthesis

Answer: c) Digestion of macromolecules

9. Which of the following is a component of the cytoskeleton?

a) Ribosomes

b) Microtubules

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Mitochondria

Answer: b) Microtubules

10. What is the role of the ribosome in the cell?

a) Energy production

b) DNA replication

c) Protein synthesis

d) Lipid synthesis

Answer: c) Protein synthesis

11. Which structure in eukaryotic cells is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances?

a) Nucleus

b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c) Lysosomes

d) Golgi apparatus

Answer: b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

12. What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

a) Protein synthesis

b) Structural support and protection

c) Energy production

d) DNA replication

Answer: b) Structural support and protection

13. Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

a) Nucleus

b) Mitochondria

c) Cytoplasm

d) Chloroplast

Answer: c) Cytoplasm

14. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell?

a) Free ribosomes

b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d) Nucleus

Answer: b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

15. Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its fluidity?

a) Phospholipids

b) Proteins

c) Carbohydrates

d) Cholesterol

Answer: d) Cholesterol

16. What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

a) Regulate the movement of substances into and out of the nucleus

b) Energy production

c) Protein synthesis

d) Photosynthesis

Answer: a) Regulate the movement of substances into and out of the nucleus

17. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?

a) Nucleus

b) Ribosome

c) Mitochondria

d) Lysosome

Answer: c) Mitochondria

18. What is the term for the network of protein filaments and tubules that provides structural support to the cell?

a) Cytoskeleton

b) Endoplasmic reticulum

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Lysosome

Answer: a) Cytoskeleton

19. Which organelle contains enzymes that break down old cell parts and foreign materials?

a) Nucleus

b) Lysosome

c) Peroxisome

d) Ribosome

Answer: b) Lysosome

20. What is the term for the semi-fluid substance inside the cell, excluding the nucleus?

a) Cytoplasm

b) Cytosol

c) Nucleoplasm

d) Extracellular matrix

Answer: b) Cytosol

21. Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

a) Presence of a nucleus

b) Presence of membrane-bound organelles

c) Circular DNA

d) Linear chromosomes

Answer: c) Circular DNA

22. What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

a) Lipid synthesis

b) Protein synthesis

c) Carbohydrate metabolism

d) Detoxification

Answer: b) Protein synthesis

23. Which cellular structure is involved in cell division in animal cells?

a) Chloroplast

b) Mitochondria

c) Centrioles

d) Ribosomes

Answer: c) Centrioles

24. What is the primary component of the cell membrane?

a) Phospholipids

b) Proteins

c) Carbohydrates

d) Nucleic acids

Answer: a) Phospholipids

25. Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing ribosomes?

a) Endoplasmic reticulum

b) Golgi apparatus

c) Nucleolus

d) Mitochondria

Answer: c) Nucleolus

26. What structure do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

a) Nucleus

b) Cell wall

c) Mitochondria

d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: b) Cell wall

27. Which process allows the cell to take in large particles by engulfing them?

a) Osmosis

b) Diffusion

c) Phagocytosis

d) Exocytosis

Answer: c) Phagocytosis

28. What is the function of peroxisomes in the cell?

a) Energy production

b) Protein synthesis

c) Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

d) Transport of molecules

Answer: c) Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

29. Which molecule forms the genetic material in all living organisms?

a) RNA

b) DNA

c) Protein

d) Lipid

Answer: b) DNA

30. What is the primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

a) Energy production

b) Storage and maintenance of turgor pressure

c) Protein synthesis

d) Cellular respiration

Answer: b) Storage and maintenance of turgor pressure

31. Which type of cell junction allows for the passage of small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

a) Tight junctions

b) Desmosomes

c) Gap junctions

d) Plasmodesmata

Answer: c) Gap junctions

32. Which phase of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA?

a) G1 phase

b) S phase

c) G2 phase

d) M phase

Answer: b) S phase

33. What structure within the chloroplast contains the pigment chlorophyll?

a) Stroma

b) Thylakoid membrane

c) Outer membrane

d) Inner membrane

Answer: b) Thylakoid membrane

34. Which organelle is responsible for assembling proteins based on the sequence of messenger RNA?

a) Nucleus

b) Ribosome

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: b) Ribosome

35. Which of the following processes is involved in the export of materials from the cell?

a) Endocytosis

b) Phagocytosis

c) Exocytosis

d) Pinocytosis

Answer: c) Exocytosis

36. What is the main function of the cytoplasm?

a) Store genetic material

b) Produce ATP

c) Maintain cell shape and support

d) Suspend organelles and provide a site for chemical reactions

Answer: d) Suspend organelles and provide a site for chemical reactions

37. What is the function of the plasma membrane proteins?

a) Provide structural support

b) Facilitate communication and transport of molecules

c) Synthesize DNA

d) Store genetic information

Answer: b) Facilitate communication and transport of molecules

38. Which organelle is known as the “suicide sac” due to its role in apoptosis?

a) Mitochondria

b) Lysosome

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: b) Lysosome

39. What is the primary role of the nucleolus?

a) Replicate DNA

b) Produce ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assemble ribosomes

c) Store genetic material

d) Regulate cell division

Answer: b) Produce ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assemble ribosomes

40. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

a) mRNA

b) rRNA

c) tRNA

d) snRNA

Answer: c) tRNA

41. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids?

a) Ribosome

b) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

c) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

d) Mitochondria

Answer: c) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

42. Which cellular structure is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell and its mechanical resistance to deformation?

a) Nucleus

b) Cytoskeleton

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Lysosome

Answer: b) Cytoskeleton

43. Which process describes the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane?

a) Diffusion

b) Active transport

c) Osmosis

d) Facilitated diffusion

Answer: c) Osmosis

44. What is the primary function of microvilli in cells?

a) Protein synthesis

b) Increase surface area for absorption

c) Provide structural support

d) Transport organelles

Answer: b) Increase surface area for absorption

45. What structure is responsible for producing spindle fibers during cell division?

a) Ribosomes

b) Centrioles

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Lysosomes

Answer: b) Centrioles

46. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?

a) Prophase

b) Metaphase

c) Anaphase

d) Telophase

Answer: c) Anaphase

47. What is the primary role of ATP in the cell?

a) Store genetic information

b) Serve as an energy currency

c) Act as a structural component

d) Catalyze biochemical reactions

Answer: b) Serve as an energy currency

48. Which structure in the cell is responsible for the synthesis of ATP through cellular respiration?

a) Ribosomes

b) Mitochondria

c) Chloroplasts

d) Nucleus

Answer: b) Mitochondria

49. What is the term for the folded inner membrane of the mitochondria?

a) Cristae

b) Grana

c) Thylakoids

d) Lamellae

Answer: a) Cristae

50. Which type of RNA carries the genetic blueprint from DNA to the ribosome?

a) tRNA

b) rRNA

c) mRNA

d) snRNA

Answer: c) mRNA

51. Which process involves the uptake of liquid particles into a cell by enclosing them in vesicles?

a) Phagocytosis

b) Pinocytosis

c) Exocytosis

d) Transcytosis

Answer: b) Pinocytosis

52. Which structure allows for the direct transfer of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

a) Tight junctions

b) Desmosomes

c) Gap junctions

d) Hemidesmosomes

Answer: c) Gap junctions

53. Which of the following is a difference between plant and animal cells?

a) Presence of a nucleus

b) Presence of mitochondria

c) Presence of a cell wall

d) Presence of ribosomes

Answer: c) Presence of a cell wall

54. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

a) DNA polymerase

b) RNA polymerase

c) Helicase

d) Ligase

Answer: c) Helicase

55. Which cellular organelle is primarily involved in the detoxification of harmful substances?

a) Golgi apparatus

b) Lysosome

c) Peroxisome

d) Mitochondria

Answer: c) Peroxisome

56. Which component of the cytoskeleton is involved in cell movement and muscle contraction?

a) Microtubules

b) Intermediate filaments

c) Microfilaments

d) Centrioles

Answer: c) Microfilaments

57. What type of cell junction is primarily involved in holding cells together to form strong sheets?

a) Tight junctions

b) Desmosomes

c) Gap junctions

d) Plasmodesmata

Answer: b) Desmosomes

58. Which organelle is considered the site of aerobic respiration?

a) Chloroplast

b) Ribosome

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Mitochondria

Answer: d) Mitochondria

59. What is the function of histones in the cell?

a) Replicate DNA

b) Help package DNA into chromosomes

c) Synthesize proteins

d) Transport RNA

Answer: b) Help package DNA into chromosomes

60. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the cell growing and carrying out normal functions?

a) G1 phase

b) S phase

c) G2 phase

d) M phase

Answer: a) G1 phase

Cell Biology MCQs

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