1. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Ribosomes
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: c) Ribosomes
2. What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
a) Protein synthesis
b) ATP production
c) Lipid synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) ATP production
3. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
a) Mitochondria
b) Chloroplast
c) Ribosome
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: b) Chloroplast
4. What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Lipid synthesis
c) DNA replication
d) Energy production
Answer: b) Lipid synthesis
5. Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Cell membrane
c) Nucleus
d) Mitochondria
Answer: c) Nucleus
6. What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
a) ATP production
b) Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins
c) DNA synthesis
d) Protein synthesis
Answer: b) Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins
7. Which structure regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell?
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Cell membrane
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Cell membrane
8. What is the function of lysosomes?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Energy production
c) Digestion of macromolecules
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: c) Digestion of macromolecules
9. Which of the following is a component of the cytoskeleton?
a) Ribosomes
b) Microtubules
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Mitochondria
Answer: b) Microtubules
10. What is the role of the ribosome in the cell?
a) Energy production
b) DNA replication
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
Answer: c) Protein synthesis
11. Which structure in eukaryotic cells is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances?
a) Nucleus
b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) Lysosomes
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
12. What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Structural support and protection
c) Energy production
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Structural support and protection
13. Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Cytoplasm
d) Chloroplast
Answer: c) Cytoplasm
14. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell?
a) Free ribosomes
b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
15. Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its fluidity?
a) Phospholipids
b) Proteins
c) Carbohydrates
d) Cholesterol
Answer: d) Cholesterol
16. What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
a) Regulate the movement of substances into and out of the nucleus
b) Energy production
c) Protein synthesis
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: a) Regulate the movement of substances into and out of the nucleus
17. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Lysosome
Answer: c) Mitochondria
18. What is the term for the network of protein filaments and tubules that provides structural support to the cell?
a) Cytoskeleton
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Lysosome
Answer: a) Cytoskeleton
19. Which organelle contains enzymes that break down old cell parts and foreign materials?
a) Nucleus
b) Lysosome
c) Peroxisome
d) Ribosome
Answer: b) Lysosome
20. What is the term for the semi-fluid substance inside the cell, excluding the nucleus?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Cytosol
c) Nucleoplasm
d) Extracellular matrix
Answer: b) Cytosol
21. Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
a) Presence of a nucleus
b) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
c) Circular DNA
d) Linear chromosomes
Answer: c) Circular DNA
22. What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a) Lipid synthesis
b) Protein synthesis
c) Carbohydrate metabolism
d) Detoxification
Answer: b) Protein synthesis
23. Which cellular structure is involved in cell division in animal cells?
a) Chloroplast
b) Mitochondria
c) Centrioles
d) Ribosomes
Answer: c) Centrioles
24. What is the primary component of the cell membrane?
a) Phospholipids
b) Proteins
c) Carbohydrates
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: a) Phospholipids
25. Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing ribosomes?
a) Endoplasmic reticulum
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Nucleolus
d) Mitochondria
Answer: c) Nucleolus
26. What structure do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
a) Nucleus
b) Cell wall
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: b) Cell wall
27. Which process allows the cell to take in large particles by engulfing them?
a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Phagocytosis
d) Exocytosis
Answer: c) Phagocytosis
28. What is the function of peroxisomes in the cell?
a) Energy production
b) Protein synthesis
c) Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
d) Transport of molecules
Answer: c) Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
29. Which molecule forms the genetic material in all living organisms?
a) RNA
b) DNA
c) Protein
d) Lipid
Answer: b) DNA
30. What is the primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells?
a) Energy production
b) Storage and maintenance of turgor pressure
c) Protein synthesis
d) Cellular respiration
Answer: b) Storage and maintenance of turgor pressure
31. Which type of cell junction allows for the passage of small molecules between adjacent animal cells?
a) Tight junctions
b) Desmosomes
c) Gap junctions
d) Plasmodesmata
Answer: c) Gap junctions
32. Which phase of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA?
a) G1 phase
b) S phase
c) G2 phase
d) M phase
Answer: b) S phase
33. What structure within the chloroplast contains the pigment chlorophyll?
a) Stroma
b) Thylakoid membrane
c) Outer membrane
d) Inner membrane
Answer: b) Thylakoid membrane
34. Which organelle is responsible for assembling proteins based on the sequence of messenger RNA?
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: b) Ribosome
35. Which of the following processes is involved in the export of materials from the cell?
a) Endocytosis
b) Phagocytosis
c) Exocytosis
d) Pinocytosis
Answer: c) Exocytosis
36. What is the main function of the cytoplasm?
a) Store genetic material
b) Produce ATP
c) Maintain cell shape and support
d) Suspend organelles and provide a site for chemical reactions
Answer: d) Suspend organelles and provide a site for chemical reactions
37. What is the function of the plasma membrane proteins?
a) Provide structural support
b) Facilitate communication and transport of molecules
c) Synthesize DNA
d) Store genetic information
Answer: b) Facilitate communication and transport of molecules
38. Which organelle is known as the “suicide sac” due to its role in apoptosis?
a) Mitochondria
b) Lysosome
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: b) Lysosome
39. What is the primary role of the nucleolus?
a) Replicate DNA
b) Produce ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assemble ribosomes
c) Store genetic material
d) Regulate cell division
Answer: b) Produce ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assemble ribosomes
40. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis?
a) mRNA
b) rRNA
c) tRNA
d) snRNA
Answer: c) tRNA
41. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids?
a) Ribosome
b) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) Mitochondria
Answer: c) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
42. Which cellular structure is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell and its mechanical resistance to deformation?
a) Nucleus
b) Cytoskeleton
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Lysosome
Answer: b) Cytoskeleton
43. Which process describes the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane?
a) Diffusion
b) Active transport
c) Osmosis
d) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: c) Osmosis
44. What is the primary function of microvilli in cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Increase surface area for absorption
c) Provide structural support
d) Transport organelles
Answer: b) Increase surface area for absorption
45. What structure is responsible for producing spindle fibers during cell division?
a) Ribosomes
b) Centrioles
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Lysosomes
Answer: b) Centrioles
46. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
Answer: c) Anaphase
47. What is the primary role of ATP in the cell?
a) Store genetic information
b) Serve as an energy currency
c) Act as a structural component
d) Catalyze biochemical reactions
Answer: b) Serve as an energy currency
48. Which structure in the cell is responsible for the synthesis of ATP through cellular respiration?
a) Ribosomes
b) Mitochondria
c) Chloroplasts
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Mitochondria
49. What is the term for the folded inner membrane of the mitochondria?
a) Cristae
b) Grana
c) Thylakoids
d) Lamellae
Answer: a) Cristae
50. Which type of RNA carries the genetic blueprint from DNA to the ribosome?
a) tRNA
b) rRNA
c) mRNA
d) snRNA
Answer: c) mRNA
51. Which process involves the uptake of liquid particles into a cell by enclosing them in vesicles?
a) Phagocytosis
b) Pinocytosis
c) Exocytosis
d) Transcytosis
Answer: b) Pinocytosis
52. Which structure allows for the direct transfer of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?
a) Tight junctions
b) Desmosomes
c) Gap junctions
d) Hemidesmosomes
Answer: c) Gap junctions
53. Which of the following is a difference between plant and animal cells?
a) Presence of a nucleus
b) Presence of mitochondria
c) Presence of a cell wall
d) Presence of ribosomes
Answer: c) Presence of a cell wall
54. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Helicase
d) Ligase
Answer: c) Helicase
55. Which cellular organelle is primarily involved in the detoxification of harmful substances?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Lysosome
c) Peroxisome
d) Mitochondria
Answer: c) Peroxisome
56. Which component of the cytoskeleton is involved in cell movement and muscle contraction?
a) Microtubules
b) Intermediate filaments
c) Microfilaments
d) Centrioles
Answer: c) Microfilaments
57. What type of cell junction is primarily involved in holding cells together to form strong sheets?
a) Tight junctions
b) Desmosomes
c) Gap junctions
d) Plasmodesmata
Answer: b) Desmosomes
58. Which organelle is considered the site of aerobic respiration?
a) Chloroplast
b) Ribosome
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Mitochondria
Answer: d) Mitochondria
59. What is the function of histones in the cell?
a) Replicate DNA
b) Help package DNA into chromosomes
c) Synthesize proteins
d) Transport RNA
Answer: b) Help package DNA into chromosomes
60. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the cell growing and carrying out normal functions?
a) G1 phase
b) S phase
c) G2 phase
d) M phase
Answer: a) G1 phase
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