22 min Score: 0 Attempted: 0/22

1. What is a protostar?
(A) An early stage in the formation of a star
(B) A star that is undergoing a supernova explosion
(C) A star that has completed its life cycle
(D) A remnant of a black hole

2. What is the Tully-Fisher relation used for?
(A) Estimating the distance to a star
(B) Determining the luminosity of spiral galaxies based on their rotation rate
(C) Measuring the mass of a black hole
(D) Analyzing the chemical composition of stars

3. What is a Type Ia supernova?
(A) A supernova that occurs in a massive star
(B) A supernova that occurs in a binary system where a white dwarf accretes matter from a companion
(C) A supernova that occurs in a neutron star
(D) A supernova that results in a black hole

4. What is the cosmological principle?
(A) The universe has no center and no edge
(B) The universe is homogeneous and isotropic on a large scale
(C) The universe is expanding at an accelerating rate
(D) The universe is dominated by dark energy

5. What is the primary method used to measure the distance to nearby stars?
(A) Redshift
(B) Parallax
(C) Cepheid variables
(D) Supernovae

6. What are Cepheid variables used for in astronomy?
(A) Measuring the age of stars
(B) Determining distances to galaxies
(C) Estimating the mass of black holes
(D) Analyzing the chemical composition of stars

7. What is Hawking radiation?
(A) Radiation emitted by neutron stars
(B) Radiation from the cosmic microwave background
(C) Theoretical radiation predicted to be emitted by black holes
(D) Radiation from active galactic nuclei

8. What is the primary feature of a galaxy cluster?
(A) A group of stars orbiting a common center
(B) A large collection of galaxies bound together by gravity
(C) A region of space with no galaxies
(D) A star forming region

9. What is an exoplanet?
(A) A planet located outside of our solar system
(B) A planet within our solar system
(C) A dwarf planet
(D) A planet that has undergone a supernova

10. What is the primary method used to discover exoplanets?
(A) Direct imaging
(B) Gravitational lensing
(C) Radial velocity method
(D) Supernova observations

11. What is the main reason for the redshift observed in light from distant galaxies?
(A) The Doppler effect due to the motion of stars
(B) Gravitational lensing
(C) The expansion of the universe
(D) The presence of dark matter

12. What is the significance of the Hubble constant?
(A) It estimates the age of stars
(B) It determines the mass of black holes
(C) It measures the rate of expansion of the universe
(D) It calculates the luminosity of galaxies

13. What is an event horizon in the context of black holes?
(A) The boundary beyond which nothing can escape the gravitational pull of the black hole
(B) The surface of a star
(C) The region where stars form
(D) The point where a supernova occurs

14. What is the difference between a spiral galaxy and an elliptical galaxy?
(A) Spiral galaxies have more stars
(B) Elliptical galaxies have more gas and dust
(C) Elliptical galaxies are younger
(D) Spiral galaxies have distinct arms, while elliptical galaxies do not

15. What is a light year?
(A) The distance light travels in one year
(B) The time it takes for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth
(C) A measure of time based on the speed of light
(D) The distance between the Earth and the nearest star

16. What is the primary constituent of dark energy?
(A) It is currently unknown
(B) Electrons
(C) Photons
(D) Neutrinos

17. What is a gravitational wave?
(A) A wave of light caused by gravity
(B) A ripple in space-time caused by accelerating masses
(C) A type of electromagnetic radiation
(D) A wave of dark matter

18. What is the observable universe?
(A) The entire universe
(B) The part of the universe containing stars
(C) The part of the universe that can be seen from Earth
(D) The region of space with dark matter

19. What is the main characteristic of a red giant star?
(A) It is very large and cool
(B) It is very young
(C) It is very hot
(D) It is a type of white dwarf

20. What is an accretion disk?
(A) A disk of gas and dust surrounding a young star
(B) A disk of material being drawn into a black hole
(C) A disk of stars in a galaxy
(D) A disk-shaped galaxy

21. What is the primary method used to measure the mass of a galaxy?
(A) Measuring the brightness of the galaxy
(B) Observing the rotation curve of the galaxy
(C) Counting the number of stars in the galaxy
(D) Analyzing the chemical composition of the galaxy

22. What is the significance of the Eddington limit in astrophysics?
(A) It is the maximum mass of a neutron star
(B) It is the maximum luminosity a star can achieve while in hydrostatic equilibrium
(C) It is the minimum size of a black hole
(D) It is the critical temperature for nuclear fusion

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