1. What is histopathology?
A) The study of historical diseases in animals
B) The study of tissue changes associated with disease
C) The study of animal behavior
D) The study of animal genetics
Answer: B
2. Which stain is commonly used to visualize cell nuclei in histopathology slides?
A) Hematoxylin
B) Eosin
C) Toluidine blue
D) Giemsa
Answer: A
3. What is the purpose of fixation in histopathology?
A) To enhance tissue staining
B) To preserve tissue structure and prevent decay
C) To dissolve cellular components
D) To increase tissue transparency
Answer: B
4. What is the primary difference between necrosis and apoptosis in histopathology?
A) Necrosis is programmed cell death, while apoptosis is uncontrolled cell death.
B) Necrosis involves cell shrinkage, while apoptosis involves cell swelling.
C) Necrosis leads to inflammation, while apoptosis does not.
D) Necrosis is a normal physiological process, while apoptosis is always pathological.
Answer: C
5. Which of the following is NOT a common histological stain used in histopathology?
A) Masson’s trichrome
B) Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)
C) Wright-Giemsa
D) Ethidium bromide
Answer: D
6. What is the purpose of counterstaining in histopathology staining techniques?
A) To enhance the contrast of specific tissue components
B) To remove excess dye from tissues
C) To dissolve cellular structures
D) To decrease tissue transparency
Answer: A
7. Which type of tissue sectioning technique is commonly used in histopathology to obtain thin slices for examination?
A) Paraffin embedding
B) Cryosectioning
C) Vibratome sectioning
D) Agar embedding
Answer: A
8. What is the role of the microtome in histopathology?
A) To stain tissue sections
B) To embed tissues in paraffin wax
C) To cut thin sections of tissues for examination
D) To fix tissues for preservation
Answer: C
9. Which of the following is a common artifact encountered in histopathology slides?
A) Perfect tissue sectioning
B) Tissue folding or tearing
C) Clear visualization of cellular structures
D) Uniform staining of all tissues
Answer: B
10. What is the primary function of a histopathologist in veterinary medicine?
A) To perform surgeries on animals
B) To diagnose diseases by examining tissue samples
C) To administer medications to animals
D) To conduct behavioral studies on animals
Answer: B
11. Which of the following stains is commonly used to highlight collagen fibers in histopathology?
A) Hematoxylin
B) Eosin
C) Masson’s trichrome
D) Toluidine blue
Answer: C
12. What is the purpose of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in histopathology?
A) To visualize tissue structures under a microscope
B) To stain cell nuclei
C) To detect specific proteins or antigens in tissues
D) To remove excess dye from tissues
Answer: C
13. Which type of microscope is typically used in histopathology for examining tissue slides?
A) Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
B) Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
C) Light microscope
D) Confocal microscope
Answer: C
14. What is the primary advantage of frozen sectioning (cryosectioning) in histopathology?
A) It allows for rapid tissue examination without fixation
B) It produces higher resolution images than paraffin sectioning
C) It enhances tissue staining
D) It preserves tissues for long-term storage
Answer: A
15. What is the purpose of decalcification in histopathology?
A) To enhance tissue staining
B) To remove excess dye from tissues
C) To dissolve calcium deposits in tissues
D) To preserve tissue structure
Answer: C
16. Which of the following is a common feature of malignant tumors in histopathology?
A) Well-differentiated cells with organized tissue architecture
B) Rapid growth and invasion into surrounding tissues
C) No abnormal cellular changes
D) Limited blood supply
Answer: B
17. What is the role of histopathology in diagnosing infectious diseases in animals?
A) It can identify specific pathogens in tissues
B) It cannot detect infectious agents
C) It only focuses on structural abnormalities
D) It can only diagnose non-infectious diseases
Answer: A
18. What is the primary purpose of staining tissue sections in histopathology?
A) To make tissues transparent
B) To make tissues more rigid
C) To enhance contrast and highlight specific structures
D) To increase tissue elasticity
Answer: C
19. Which of the following stains is commonly used to visualize carbohydrates and glycogen in histopathology?
A) Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)
B) Wright-Giemsa
C) Masson’s trichrome
D) Hematoxylin
Answer: A
20. What is the significance of H&E staining in histopathology?
A) It stains cell nuclei blue and cytoplasm pink, allowing for visualization of tissue structures.
B) It specifically highlights collagen fibers in tissues.
C) It removes excess dye from tissues.
D) It enhances tissue transparency.
Answer: A
21. What is the purpose of antigen retrieval techniques in immunohistochemistry (IHC)?
A) To remove antigens from tissues
B) To enhance the binding of antibodies to antigens in tissues
C) To destroy cellular structures
D) To dissolve tissue sections
Answer: B
22. How does the grading system in histopathology help in assessing tumor aggressiveness?
A) It evaluates the size of tumors
B) It assesses the spread of tumors to lymph nodes
C) It examines the differentiation of tumor cells
D) It measures the blood supply to tumors
Answer: C
23. Which of the following is a common fixative used in histopathology to preserve tissues?
A) Ethanol
B) Formalin (formaldehyde)
C) Acetic acid
D) Methanol
Answer: B
24. What is the role of gross examination in histopathology?
A) To analyze tissues under a microscope
B) To conduct molecular analysis of tissues
C) To visually inspect tissues for macroscopic abnormalities
D) To prepare tissue sections for staining
Answer: C
25. Which of the following staining techniques is used to visualize connective tissue fibers such as elastin and reticulin?
A) Masson’s trichrome
B) Toluidine blue
C) Wright-Giemsa
D) Oil Red O
Answer: A
26. What is the significance of special stains in histopathology?
A) They help in general tissue visualization.
B) They highlight specific tissue components or structures not visible with routine staining.
C) They remove excess dye from tissues.
D) They increase tissue transparency.
Answer: B
27. What is the purpose of deparaffinization in histopathology?
A) To enhance tissue staining
B) To remove excess dye
C) To dissolve cellular structures
D) To increase tissue transparency
Answer: A
28. What is the function of the cytoplasmic stain eosin in histopathology staining?
A) It stains cell nuclei blue
B) It highlights acidic components of tissues and stains them pink
C) It removes excess dye from tissues
D) It enhances tissue transparency
Answer: B
29. Which of the following techniques is used to visualize nerve fibers and neurons in histopathology?
A) Luxol fast blue stain
B) Alcian blue stain
C) Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain
D) Masson’s trichrome stain
Answer: A
30. What is the significance of mucicarmine staining in histopathology?
A) It highlights collagen fibers
B) It specifically stains mucin-containing cells and structures
C) It visualizes nerve fibers
D) It removes excess dye from tissues
Answer: B
31. How does immunofluorescence staining differ from immunohistochemistry (IHC)?
A) Immunofluorescence does not involve antibody labeling
B) Immunofluorescence uses light microscopy to detect labeled antibodies
C) Immunofluorescence does not require fixation of tissues
D) Immunofluorescence uses electron microscopy for visualization
Answer: B
32. What is the role of the Golgi stain in histopathology?
A) It stains cell nuclei
B) It highlights nerve cells and their processes
C) It removes excess dye from tissues
D) It enhances tissue transparency
Answer: B
33. Which of the following is a common method for antigen retrieval in immunohistochemistry (IHC)?
A) Microwave heating
B) Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation
C) Chemical digestion
D) Freezing
Answer: A
34. What is the purpose of performing a control slide in histopathology staining?
A) To compare tissue sections under different stains
B) To prevent staining artifacts
C) To dissolve cellular components
D) To increase tissue transparency
Answer: B
35. Which of the following is a common artifact in frozen tissue sections?
A) Tissue folding or tearing
B) Perfect tissue sectioning
C) Uniform staining of all tissues
D) Clear visualization of cellular structures
Answer: A
36. What is the significance of using a pH buffer in histopathology staining solutions?
A) It prevents tissue shrinkage
B) It enhances tissue elasticity
C) It maintains the optimal pH for specific stains to work effectively
D) It removes excess dye from tissues
Answer: C
37. How does cryopreservation contribute to tissue preservation in histopathology?
A) It uses chemicals to fix tissues
B) It rapidly freezes tissues to preserve cellular structures
C) It enhances tissue transparency
D) It removes excess dye from tissues
Answer: B
38. Which of the following is a common staining artifact caused by inadequate washing of tissue sections?
A) Uniform staining of all tissues
B) Tissue folding or tearing
C) Perfect tissue sectioning
D) Clear visualization of cellular structures
Answer: A
39. What is the primary purpose of mounting histopathology slides with a coverslip?
A) To remove excess dye from tissues
B) To enhance tissue transparency
C) To protect tissue sections and prevent drying
D) To increase tissue elasticity
Answer: C
40. What is the role of nuclear fast red stain in histopathology?
A) It stains cell nuclei blue
B) It highlights collagen fibers
C) It specifically stains cell nuclei red or pink
D) It enhances tissue transparency
Answer: C
41. Which of the following is a common staining artifact caused by overexposure to staining solutions?
A) Uniform staining of all tissues
B) Tissue folding or tearing
C) Perfect tissue sectioning
D) Clear visualization of cellular structures
Answer: A
42. What is the significance of using multiple stains or a sequential staining process in histopathology?
A) It removes excess dye from tissues
B) It enhances tissue transparency
C) It allows for the visualization of different tissue components or structures
D) It decreases tissue elasticity
Answer: C
43. How does paraffin embedding contribute to tissue preservation in histopathology?
A) It removes excess dye from tissues
B) It enhances tissue transparency
C) It provides structural support and preserves cellular morphology
D) It increases tissue elasticity
Answer: C
44. Which of the following stains is commonly used to detect amyloid deposits in tissues?
A) Congo red stain
B) Oil Red O stain
C) Alizarin red stain
D) Sudan black stain
Answer: A
45. What is the primary function of decolorization in histopathology staining techniques?
A) To enhance tissue staining
B) To remove excess dye from tissues
C) To dissolve cellular structures
D) To increase tissue transparency
Answer: B
46. How does immunohistochemistry (IHC) contribute to identifying specific cell types or markers in tissues?
A) It uses light microscopy to visualize labeled antibodies targeting specific antigens
B) It removes excess dye from tissues
C) It enhances tissue transparency
D) It uses electron microscopy for visualization
Answer: A
47. What is the role of antigen retrieval in immunohistochemistry (IHC)?
A) To remove antigens from tissues
B) To enhance the binding of antibodies to antigens in tissues
C) To dissolve tissue sections
D) To increase tissue transparency
Answer: B
48. Which of the following is a common artifact in stained tissue sections caused by inadequate dehydration?
A) Tissue folding or tearing
B) Perfect tissue sectioning
C) Uniform staining of all tissues
D) Clear visualization of cellular structures
Answer: A
49. What is the significance of using an alcohol gradient during tissue processing in histopathology?
A) It enhances tissue transparency
B) It removes excess dye from tissues
C) It dehydrates tissues for embedding
D) It increases tissue elasticity
Answer: C
50. What is the purpose of performing a control experiment in histopathology staining?
A) To compare tissues under different stains
B) To remove excess dye from tissues
C) To dissolve cellular structures
D) To increase tissue transparency
Answer: A