1. What is behavioral ecology?
A) The study of animals’ physical characteristics
B) The study of animals’ behavior in their natural environment
C) The study of animals’ internal physiology
D) The study of animals’ genetics
Answer: B) The study of animals’ behavior in their natural environment
2. Which of the following is NOT a component of animal behavior?
A) Foraging
B) Reproduction
C) Genetics
D) Communication
Answer: C) Genetics
3. What does the term “ethology” refer to?
A) The study of animal behavior in controlled laboratory settings
B) The study of animal behavior in natural environments
C) The study of animals’ genetic makeup
D) The study of animals’ physical adaptations
Answer: B) The study of animal behavior in natural environments
4. What is the primary function of animal communication?
A) To attract mates
B) To defend territory
C) To establish social hierarchies
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
5. What is the term for a behavior that increases the fitness of both the individual performing it and the recipient?
A) Altruism
B) Selfish behavior
C) Mutualism
D) Aggression
Answer: C) Mutualism
6. Which of the following is an example of innate behavior?
A) Birdsong learning
B) Human language development
C) Migratory behavior in birds
D) Tool use in primates
Answer: C) Migratory behavior in birds
7. What is the primary purpose of territorial behavior in animals?
A) To attract mates
B) To defend resources
C) To establish social bonds
D) To avoid predation
Answer: B) To defend resources
8. Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences animal mating systems?
A) Resource availability
B) Predation pressure
C) Genetic diversity
D) Habitat complexity
Answer: D) Habitat complexity
9. What is the term for a behavior that decreases the fitness of the individual performing it but increases the fitness of the recipient?
A) Altruism
B) Selfish behavior
C) Cooperation
D) Aggression
Answer: A) Altruism
10. What is the primary function of courtship behavior in animals?
A) To establish dominance
B) To mark territory
C) To attract mates
D) To defend against predators
Answer: C) To attract mates
11. Which of the following is an example of a fixed action pattern?
A) Birdsong learning
B) Nest building in birds
C) Migration in whales
D) Tool use in primates
Answer: B) Nest building in birds
12. What is the term for a behavior that is learned through observation and imitation of others?
A) Innate behavior
B) Instinctual behavior
C) Imprinting
D) Social learning
Answer: D) Social learning
13. What is the primary purpose of dominance hierarchies in animal groups?
A) To establish mating rights
B) To allocate resources efficiently
C) To avoid conflicts
D) To increase predation success
Answer: B) To allocate resources efficiently
14. Which of the following is NOT a type of animal communication?
A) Chemical
B) Auditory
C) Visual
D) Genetic
Answer: D) Genetic
15. What is the term for the process by which animals become less responsive to a stimulus after repeated exposure?
A) Habituation
B) Conditioning
C) Imprinting
D) Social learning
Answer: A) Habituation
16. Which of the following is an example of a circadian rhythm?
A) Hibernation in bears
B) Migratory behavior in birds
C) Nocturnal activity in owls
D) Social hierarchies in primates
Answer: C) Nocturnal activity in owls
17. What is the primary function of agonistic behavior in animals?
A) To attract mates
B) To establish dominance
C) To communicate danger
D) To build nests
Answer: B) To establish dominance
18. Which of the following is an example of a learned behavior?
A) Courtship displays
B) Nest building in birds
C) Migration in salmon
D) Migratory behavior in birds
Answer: A) Courtship displays
19. What is the term for a behavior that benefits the individual performing it but decreases the fitness of the recipient?
A) Altruism
B) Selfish behavior
C) Cooperation
D) Aggression
Answer: B) Selfish behavior
20. Which of the following is an example of animal aggression?
A) Courtship displays
B) Agonistic behavior
C) Migratory behavior
D) Tool use
Answer: B) Agonistic behavior
21. What is the primary function of dominance hierarchies in animal groups?
A) To establish mating rights
B) To allocate resources efficiently
C) To avoid conflicts
D) To increase predation success
Answer: B) To allocate resources efficiently
22. Which of the following is NOT a type of animal communication?
A) Chemical
B) Auditory
C) Visual
D) Genetic
Answer: D) Genetic
23. What is the term for the process by which animals become less responsive to a stimulus after repeated exposure?
A) Habituation
B) Conditioning
C) Imprinting
D) Social learning
Answer: A) Habituation
24. Which of the following is an example of a circadian rhythm?
A) Hibernation in bears
B) Migratory behavior in birds
C) Nocturnal activity in owls
D) Social hierarchies in primates
Answer: C) Nocturnal activity in owls
25. What is the primary function of agonistic behavior in animals?
A) To attract mates
B) To establish dominance
C) To communicate danger
D) To build nests
Answer: B) To establish dominance
26. Which of the following is an example of a learned behavior?
A) Courtship displays
B) Nest building in birds
C) Migration in salmon
D) Migratory behavior in birds
Answer: A) Courtship displays
27. What is the term for a behavior that benefits the individual performing it but decreases the fitness of the recipient?
A) Altruism
B) Selfish behavior
C) Cooperation
D) Aggression
Answer: B) Selfish behavior
28. Which of the following is an example of animal aggression?
A) Courtship displays
B) Agonistic behavior
C) Migratory behavior
D) Tool use
Answer: B) Agonistic behavior
29. What is the primary function of animal communication?
A) To attract mates
B) To defend territory
C) To establish social hierarchies
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
30. What is the term for a behavior that increases the fitness of both the individual performing it and the recipient?
A) Altruism
B) Selfish behavior
C) Mutualism
D) Aggression
Answer: C) Mutualism
31. What is the term for a behavior that decreases the fitness of the individual performing it but increases the fitness of the recipient?
A) Altruism
B) Selfish behavior
C) Cooperation
D) Aggression
Answer: A) Altruism
32. What is the primary purpose of courtship behavior in animals?
A) To establish dominance
B) To mark territory
C) To attract mates
D) To defend against predators
Answer: C) To attract mates
33. What is the term for a behavior that is learned through observation and imitation of others?
A) Innate behavior
B) Instinctual behavior
C) Imprinting
D) Social learning
Answer: D) Social learning
34. What is the primary purpose of territorial behavior in animals?
A) To attract mates
B) To defend resources
C) To establish social bonds
D) To avoid predation
Answer: B) To defend resources
35. Which of the following is an example of a fixed action pattern?
A) Birdsong learning
B) Nest building in birds
C) Migration in whales
D) Tool use in primates
Answer: B) Nest building in birds
36. What is the term for a behavior that is genetically programmed and does not require learning?
A) Innate behavior
B) Learned behavior
C) Social behavior
D) Imprinted behavior
Answer: A) Innate behavior
37. Which of the following is NOT a type of animal communication?
A) Chemical
B) Auditory
C) Visual
D) Genetic
Answer: D) Genetic
38. What is the term for a behavior that benefits the individual performing it but decreases the fitness of the recipient?
A) Altruism
B) Selfish behavior
C) Cooperation
D) Aggression
Answer: B) Selfish behavior
39. What is the term for the process by which animals become less responsive to a stimulus after repeated exposure?
A) Habituation
B) Conditioning
C) Imprinting
D) Social learning
Answer: A) Habituation
40. What is the primary function of agonistic behavior in animals?
A) To attract mates
B) To establish dominance
C) To communicate danger
D) To build nests
Answer: B) To establish dominance
41. Which of the following is an example of animal aggression?
A) Courtship displays
B) Agonistic behavior
C) Migratory behavior
D) Tool use
Answer: B) Agonistic behavior
42. What is the primary purpose of dominance hierarchies in animal groups?
A) To establish mating rights
B) To allocate resources efficiently
C) To avoid conflicts
D) To increase predation success
Answer: B) To allocate resources efficiently
43. Which of the following is NOT a type of animal communication?
A) Chemical
B) Auditory
C) Visual
D) Genetic
Answer: D) Genetic
44. What is the term for the process by which animals become less responsive to a stimulus after repeated exposure?
A) Habituation
B) Conditioning
C) Imprinting
D) Social learning
Answer: A) Habituation
45. Which of the following is an example of a circadian rhythm?
A) Hibernation in bears
B) Migratory behavior in birds
C) Nocturnal activity in owls
D) Social hierarchies in primates
Answer: C) Nocturnal activity in owls
46. What is the primary function of agonistic behavior in animals?
A) To attract mates
B) To establish dominance
C) To communicate danger
D) To build nests
Answer: B) To establish dominance
47. Which of the following is an example of a learned behavior?
A) Courtship displays
B) Nest building in birds
C) Migration in salmon
D) Migratory behavior in birds
Answer: A) Courtship displays
48. What is the term for a behavior that benefits the individual performing it but decreases the fitness of the recipient?
A) Altruism
B) Selfish behavior
C) Cooperation
D) Aggression
Answer: B) Selfish behavior
49. Which of the following is an example of animal aggression?
A) Courtship displays
B) Agonistic behavior
C) Migratory behavior
D) Tool use
Answer: B) Agonistic behavior
50. What is the primary function of animal communication?
A) To attract mates
B) To defend territory
C) To establish social hierarchies
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above