Forest Pathology MCQs

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6 months ago

What is forest pathology?

A) The study of forest ecosystems
B) The study of tree diseases and their management
C) The study of forest management techniques
D) The study of forest biodiversity
Answer: B) The study of tree diseases and their management
Which pathogen is commonly known to cause “Dutch elm disease”?

A) Phytophthora infestans
B) Ceratocystis ulmi
C) Fusarium oxysporum
D) Armillaria mellea
Answer: B) Ceratocystis ulmi
What is a common symptom of tree decline due to fungal infection?

A) Root rot
B) Leaf drop
C) Needle discoloration
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Which fungal disease affects the vascular system of trees, causing wilting and death?

A) Powdery mildew
B) Root rot
C) Verticillium wilt
D) Rust
Answer: C) Verticillium wilt
Which of the following is NOT a common method of controlling forest pathogens?

A) Chemical fungicides
B) Biological control
C) Genetic resistance
D) Increasing humidity
Answer: D) Increasing humidity
Which pathogen is responsible for causing “black knot” disease in trees?

A) Plasmopara viticola
B) Apiosporina morbosa
C) Puccinia graminis
D) Phytophthora ramorum
Answer: B) Apiosporina morbosa
What is a common symptom of “powdery mildew” in trees?

A) White, powdery spots on leaves
B) Dark, sunken lesions on bark
C) Root rot and yellowing leaves
D) Wilting and dieback
Answer: A) White, powdery spots on leaves
Which method involves using other organisms to control forest pathogens?

A) Chemical control
B) Biological control
C) Cultural practices
D) Mechanical control
Answer: B) Biological control
What is the primary mode of transmission for “rust” fungi in forests?

A) Soil
B) Water
C) Airborne spores
D) Insect vectors
Answer: C) Airborne spores
Which pathogen causes “Sudden Oak Death”?

A) Phytophthora ramorum
B) Fusarium solani
C) Armillaria ostoyae
D) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Answer: A) Phytophthora ramorum
Which disease is characterized by “white rot” of the wood in trees?

A) Armillaria root rot
B) Red heart rot
C) Polyporus dry rot
D) Fomes fomentarius
Answer: A) Armillaria root rot
Which of the following is a common fungal pathogen that causes “needle cast” in conifers?

A) Lophodermium spp.
B) Cronartium spp.
C) Phytophthora spp.
D) Scleroderma spp.
Answer: A) Lophodermium spp.
What is the primary characteristic of “root rot” diseases?

A) Wilting of leaves
B) Discoloration of needles
C) Decay and death of roots
D) Sunken lesions on bark
Answer: C) Decay and death of roots
Which forest pathogen is known for causing “cankers” on trees?

A) Ceratocystis ulmi
B) Sphaeropsis sapinea
C) Phytophthora cinnamomi
D) Puccinia spp.
Answer: B) Sphaeropsis sapinea
Which tree disease is typically associated with “heart rot”?

A) Pseudotsuga menziesii
B) Pinus sylvestris
C) Quercus robur
D) Fagus sylvatica
Answer: C) Quercus robur
What is a common sign of “bacterial blight” in trees?

A) Necrotic leaf spots and galls
B) White, powdery mildew
C) Root decay and wilting
D) Yellowing and curling of leaves
Answer: A) Necrotic leaf spots and galls
Which disease is caused by the pathogen “Fusarium oxysporum”?

A) Dutch elm disease
B) Fusarium wilt
C) Sudden Oak Death
D) Black knot
Answer: B) Fusarium wilt
What is the main purpose of “cultural control” in managing forest pathogens?

A) To use chemicals to eradicate pathogens
B) To create environmental conditions unfavorable to pathogens
C) To introduce beneficial microorganisms
D) To genetically modify trees for resistance
Answer: B) To create environmental conditions unfavorable to pathogens
Which pathogen causes “Phytophthora root rot” in trees?

A) Phytophthora cinnamomi
B) Fusarium solani
C) Armillaria mellea
D) Pythium spp.
Answer: A) Phytophthora cinnamomi
Which type of control method involves physical removal of infected plant parts?

A) Chemical control
B) Biological control
C) Mechanical control
D) Cultural control
Answer: C) Mechanical control
Which disease is characterized by a white, cotton-like growth on tree bark?

A) Powdery mildew
B) Downy mildew
C) White pine blister rust
D) Sooty mold
Answer: D) Sooty mold
What is “scab” in the context of forest pathology?

A) A fungal disease causing dark, sunken lesions on leaves
B) A bacterial disease causing galls on bark
C) A viral disease causing mottling on foliage
D) A parasitic plant affecting tree roots
Answer: A) A fungal disease causing dark, sunken lesions on leaves
Which pathogen causes “chestnut blight” in American chestnut trees?

A) Cryphonectaria parasitica
B) Phytophthora infestans
C) Sphaeropsis sapinea
D) Armillaria ostoyae
Answer: A) Cryphonectaria parasitica
What is the main cause of “dieback” in forest trees?

A) Excessive watering
B) Root rot
C) Nutrient deficiency
D) Fungal or bacterial pathogens
Answer: D) Fungal or bacterial pathogens
Which disease is known to affect oak trees by causing “oak wilt”?

A) Ceratocystis fagacearum
B) Scleroderma citrinum
C) Pseudomonas syringae
D) Rhizopus stolonifer
Answer: A) Ceratocystis fagacearum
What is a common symptom of “wilt” diseases in trees?

A) Root rot
B) Leaf yellowing and wilting
C) Powdery mildew
D) Black knots
Answer: B) Leaf yellowing and wilting
Which pathogen is known for causing “apple scab” in fruit trees?

A) Venturia inaequalis
B) Puccinia graminis
C) Plasmopara viticola
D) Alternaria alternata
Answer: A) Venturia inaequalis
What is the primary characteristic of “rust” diseases in trees?

A) Fungal lesions with rust-colored pustules
B) White, powdery fungal growth
C) Root rot and decay
D) Bacterial galls and cankers
Answer: A) Fungal lesions with rust-colored pustules
Which control method involves the use of naturally occurring predators to manage tree diseases?

A) Chemical control
B) Biological control
C) Cultural control
D) Mechanical control
Answer: B) Biological control
What is “gall” formation in trees commonly caused by?

A) Fungal infections
B) Bacterial infections
C) Insect infestations
D) Viral infections
Answer: C) Insect infestations
Which disease causes “cypress canker” in cypress trees?

A) Seiridium cardinale
B) Fusarium oxysporum
C) Phytophthora infestans
D) Armillaria mellea
Answer: A) Seiridium cardinale
What is the most effective control for “bacterial blight” in trees?

A) Soil sterilization
B) Pruning infected branches
C) Applying chemical fungicides
D) Increasing soil moisture
Answer: B) Pruning infected branches
Which pathogen is known to cause “lethal yellowing” in palms?

A) Phytoplasma
B) Xylella fastidiosa
C) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
D) Pseudomonas syringae
Answer: A) Phytoplasma
Which fungal disease causes “apple rust” in apple trees?

A) Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae
B) Alternaria solani
C) Puccinia coronata
D) Fusarium graminearum
Answer: A) Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae
What is the main symptom of “needle blight” in conifers?

A) Discoloration and premature needle drop
B) Root decay and wilting
C) Dark lesions on bark
D) White, powdery fungal growth
Answer: A) Discoloration and premature needle drop
Which pathogen is known for causing “brown rot” in fruit trees?

A) Monilinia fructicola
B) Fusarium solani
C) Phytophthora cinnamomi
D) Armillaria mellea
Answer: A) Monilinia fructicola
What is the primary cause of “decline” in forest trees?

A) Over-fertilization
B) Environmental stress
C) Soil erosion
D) Pathogenic infections
Answer: D) Pathogenic infections
Which pathogen causes “beech bark disease”?

A) Nectria coccinea
B) Phytophthora ramorum
C) Armillaria ostoyae
D) Cryphonectaria parasitica
Answer: A) Nectria coccinea
What is a common management practice for controlling “root diseases” in forests?

A) Soil sterilization
B) Use of resistant tree species
C) Regular pruning of branches
D) Chemical treatments for leaves
Answer: B) Use of resistant tree species
Which pathogen is responsible for “leaf spot” diseases in trees?

A) Alternaria spp.
B) Pythium spp.
C) Phytophthora spp.
D) Fusarium spp.
Answer: A) Alternaria spp.
What does “systemic” treatment mean in the context of tree disease management?

A) Treatment applied directly to the soil
B) Treatment that is absorbed and distributed throughout the plant
C) Treatment applied to the surface of plant parts
D) Treatment that targets only the symptoms of the disease
Answer: B) Treatment that is absorbed and distributed throughout the plant
Which disease is caused by the pathogen “Armillaria mellea”?

A) Honey fungus
B) Powdery mildew
C) Oak wilt
D) Chestnut blight
Answer: A) Honey fungus
What is the primary characteristic of “canker” diseases in trees?

A) Dark, sunken lesions on bark
B) White, powdery fungal growth on leaves
C) Root decay and wilting
D) Yellowing and dropping of leaves
Answer: A) Dark, sunken lesions on bark
Which pathogen causes “rose black spot” in ornamental roses?

A) Diplocarpon rosae
B) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
C) Botrytis cinerea
D) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Answer: A) Diplocarpon rosae
Which disease is characterized by the formation of “galls” on tree leaves and stems?

A) Rust disease
B) Leaf spot disease
C) Gall disease
D) Blight disease
Answer: C) Gall disease
What is the primary method for diagnosing tree diseases in the field?

A) Soil testing
B) Visual inspection and symptom assessment
C) Tree height measurement
D) Soil moisture analysis
Answer: B) Visual inspection and symptom assessment
Which fungal disease is known for causing “crown rot” in forest trees?

A) Phytophthora cinnamomi
B) Fusarium solani
C) Pythium spp.
D) Rhizoctonia solani
Answer: A) Phytophthora cinnamomi
What is “quarantine” in the context of forest disease management?

A) Removing infected trees from the forest
B) Restricting the movement of plant materials to prevent disease spread
C) Applying fungicides to the forest floor
D) Increasing soil moisture to reduce disease risk
Answer: B) Restricting the movement of plant materials to prevent disease spread
Which pathogen causes “ash dieback” in ash trees?

A) Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
B) Phytophthora ramorum
C) Ceratocystis ulmi
D) Fusarium oxysporum
Answer: A) Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
What is the primary focus of “integrated pest management” (IPM) in forest pathology?

A) Using a single control method to manage diseases
B) Combining multiple control methods to manage tree diseases and pests
C) Relying solely on chemical treatments
D) Ignoring environmental factors in disease management
Answer: B) Combining multiple control methods to manage tree diseases and pests.

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