Which type of contrast agent is most commonly associated with adverse reactions?
A) Barium sulfate
B) Gadolinium-based contrast
C) Iodinated contrast
D) Air contrast Answer: C) Iodinated contrast
What is the most common mild reaction to iodinated contrast agents?
A) Nausea and vomiting
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Renal failure
D) Cardiac arrest Answer: A) Nausea and vomiting
Which of the following is considered a severe reaction to iodinated contrast?
A) Urticaria
B) Metallic taste
C) Bronchospasm
D) Flushing Answer: C) Bronchospasm
Gadolinium-based contrast agents are primarily used in which imaging modality?
A) CT scan
B) MRI
C) X-ray
D) Ultrasound Answer: B) MRI
Which adverse reaction is most commonly associated with gadolinium-based contrast agents?
A) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)
B) Thyroid toxicity
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hemolysis Answer: A) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)
Which patient population is at the highest risk for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)?
A) Diabetic patients
B) Pediatric patients
C) Patients with liver disease
D) Pregnant women Answer: A) Diabetic patients
What is the best strategy to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in high-risk patients?
A) Use of low-osmolality contrast
B) Administering steroids
C) Pre-hydration with IV fluids
D) Administering antihistamines Answer: C) Pre-hydration with IV fluids
Which of the following is an early sign of anaphylactic reaction to iodinated contrast?
A) Bradycardia
B) Urticaria
C) Seizures
D) Renal failure Answer: B) Urticaria
Which medication is commonly given prior to contrast administration in patients with a known contrast allergy?
A) Aspirin
B) Prednisone
C) Furosemide
D) Nitroglycerin Answer: B) Prednisone
In patients with a history of anaphylactoid reaction to iodinated contrast, which alternative imaging modality is often considered?
A) Ultrasound
B) MRI without contrast
C) Nuclear medicine
D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above
Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy?
A) Advanced age
B) Dehydration
C) Heart disease
D) Recent stroke Answer: D) Recent stroke
What type of reaction is most commonly associated with barium contrast used in gastrointestinal studies?
A) Urticaria
B) Aspiration pneumonia
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Bronchospasm Answer: B) Aspiration pneumonia
Which condition increases the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) with gadolinium contrast?
A) Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
B) Liver cirrhosis
C) Diabetes
D) Heart failure Answer: A) Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Which of the following is a delayed adverse reaction to iodinated contrast?
A) Itching
B) Hypotension
C) Pulmonary edema
D) Skin rash Answer: D) Skin rash
Which of the following drugs is typically used to manage a severe anaphylactic reaction to contrast agents?
A) Epinephrine
B) Lisinopril
C) Ibuprofen
D) Ranitidine Answer: A) Epinephrine
Which patient condition increases the risk for contrast-induced nephropathy?
A) Hypertension
B) Dehydration
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) COPD Answer: B) Dehydration
What is the most common adverse reaction to oral barium sulfate?
A) Diarrhea
B) Constipation
C) Vomiting
D) Tachycardia Answer: B) Constipation
Which class of iodinated contrast agents is less likely to cause adverse reactions?
A) High-osmolality contrast agents
B) Low-osmolality contrast agents
C) Iso-osmolality contrast agents
D) Ionic contrast agents Answer: C) Iso-osmolality contrast agents
Which adverse reaction can occur if iodinated contrast is extravasated into surrounding tissues during injection?
A) Urticaria
B) Compartment syndrome
C) Hypotension
D) Seizures Answer: B) Compartment syndrome
Which of the following is a life-threatening adverse reaction to iodinated contrast?
A) Flushing
B) Renal failure
C) Laryngeal edema
D) Metallic taste Answer: C) Laryngeal edema
What is the most common cause of mortality related to contrast reactions?
A) Bronchospasm
B) Renal failure
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Pulmonary embolism Answer: C) Anaphylaxis
Which of the following adverse reactions is most common after gadolinium-based contrast administration?
A) Headache
B) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
C) Hypertension
D) Diarrhea Answer: A) Headache
Which patient condition is a relative contraindication to iodinated contrast use?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hyperthyroidism
C) Severe chronic kidney disease
D) COPD Answer: C) Severe chronic kidney disease
What is the most effective pre-treatment for patients with a history of mild contrast reactions?
A) Prednisone and diphenhydramine
B) Aspirin and furosemide
C) Furosemide and acetaminophen
D) Nitroglycerin and ibuprofen Answer: A) Prednisone and diphenhydramine
What is the recommended treatment for mild urticaria following contrast administration?
A) Epinephrine
B) Antihistamines
C) Corticosteroids
D) Defibrillation Answer: B) Antihistamines
Which of the following is NOT a sign of contrast-induced nephropathy?
A) Elevated serum creatinine
B) Reduced urine output
C) Hematuria
D) Hepatomegaly Answer: D) Hepatomegaly
What is the best imaging modality for patients with contraindications to iodinated contrast?
A) MRI without contrast
B) CT without contrast
C) Ultrasound
D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above
Which adverse reaction is more common with high-osmolality iodinated contrast agents?
A) Acute renal failure
B) Hypotension
C) Urticaria
D) Cardiac arrest Answer: C) Urticaria
In patients with hyperthyroidism, iodinated contrast can cause which adverse reaction?
A) Thyroid storm
B) Bradycardia
C) Hypokalemia
D) Hyponatremia Answer: A) Thyroid storm
Which medication is commonly administered to patients at high risk for contrast-induced nephropathy?
A) N-acetylcysteine
B) Prednisone
C) Diphenhydramine
D) Epinephrine Answer: A) N-acetylcysteine